1. Agriculture
   1. Backbone of economy
      1. 95% revenue
         1. Pre-colonial
            1. Abundant Land
            2. Extensive Cultivation
            3. Food Crops
            4. Old Techniques
         2. Colonial
            1. Cash Crops
            2. Production for sale
            3. Commercialisation of Agriculture
2. Irrigation
   1. Pre-colonial
      1. Great Engineering feat
         1. Karikala Cholan
            1. 2nd century AD
            2. Grand Anicut( Kallanai)
   2. Colonial
      1. Upper Anicut
         1. Lower Anicut
            1. 1839
      2. Public Works Department
         1. Lord Dalhousie
            1. 1852
      3. Tank restoration schemes
         1. Investigating tanks conditions
            1. 1883
      4. Dams
         1. Thirukoilur(1895)
         2. Sethiathope(1895)
         3. Palar(1896)
         4. Periyar(1897)
         5. Mettur(1934) Last
3. Coming of Industrial goods
   1. India under British crown after 1857
      1. Dumpyard of British goods
   2. Synthetic clothes to TN
      1. Locomotives and Steam engines
         1. Telegraph, telephones and postal system
   3. Railways
      1. Madras to Arakonam rail line
         1. Royapauram-first station
            1. Rameswaram to Mandapam-Pamban railway bridge
   4. All India Radio
      1. 1936
4. Decline of Handicrafts
   1. Exporter of artisan products
      1. Massive source of cheap raw material
   2. Flooding of markets with industrially produced goods
      1. Demand for products of rural artisans declined
   3. Railways helped British goods reach villages
      1. Handicraft industries decline
   4. Pottery, Glass, Khadi
   5. Cotton, Palm and Coir products
      1. Declined