1. Identify Causes of Pollution in An Engineering Environment and outline Control Measures
    1. Causes of Environmental Pollution in Shipbuilding
      1. Environmental pollution is caused when materials detrimental to life are released into the atmosphere, ground or water. Some materials may harm plant or animal life and cause an imbalance, which upsets the ecosystem of the area.
      2. Paints are a major cause of environmental pollution, particularly older paint that may be scraped off boats during repair and repainting. Some old paints contain lead, which is highly toxic. The chemicals used in anti-fouling paints, which prevent algal and barnacle growth on boats, are very toxic.
      3. Oil spills are a cause of great environmental concern in the marine and waterways environments. Giant oil spills can be catastrophic for marine animals. Smaller oil spills at sea, or in the yard are also cause for concern and must be prevented.
      4. Workplace Noise Pollution
        1. Noise - Unwanted Sound, Unwanted Because it can Cause Annoyance, Interfere with Speech or Communication, and/or Cause Hearing Impairment
        2. shipbuilding, the metal fabrication workshop, where heavy machinery is used for metal forming using large plate, is an extremely noisy environment.
        3. Noise Thermometer
    2. Land Legal Part (Focus in Malaysia)
    3. Care of the Environment
      1. Disposal of chemicals
      2. Preventing Air Pollution
      3. Prevention of Water Pollution
    4. environmental controls
      1. General controls
        1. use appropriate preventive maintenance procedures
        2. • ensure good industrial housekeeping practice
        3. • use the correct disposal methods.
      2. Control the paint scrapings from boats undergoing repair and repainting
      3. Control the leakage of chemicals into the ground or water
      4. reducing noise pollution and noise exposure
        1. • use personal hearing protection, such as ear plugs or ear muffs
        2. • move noisy tools and machinery to more isolated locations
        3. • install soundproofing around noisy equipment
        4. • modifying tools and machinery to make less noise.
        5. • ensure that task rotation includes quiet areas and so that individual exposure is minimised
        6. • schedule the noisiest tasks for times when there are fewer people in the workplace.
  2. Crude Oil Washing (COW)
    1. Crude oil washing (COW) is a system whereby oil tanks on a tanker are cleaned out between voyages not with water, but with crude oil - the cargo itself.
    2. COW is mandatory on new tankers under the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution by Ships (MARPOL 73/78).
    3. When sprayed onto the sediments clinging to the tank walls, the oil simply dissolved them, turning them back into usable oil that could be pumped off with the rest of the cargo. There was no need for slop tanks to be used since the process left virtually no slops. The process became known as Crude Oil Washing (COW).
  3. Emission
    1. MARPOL ANNEX VI REGULATIONS FOR THE PREVENTION OF AIR POLLUTION FROM SHIPS
    2. Regulation 12 to 18
      1. Fuel Oil Availability and Quality
      2. Shipboard Incineration
      3. Sulphur Oxides (SOx) and Particulate Matter (PM)