1. Internal medicine
   1. Endocrinology
      1. book
         1. Research
            1. Science Times Articles
            2. Stanley Miller dies at 77-Origin of Life
            3. Origins of Life linked to volcanoes
            4. Genetics Glossary
            5. Language Gene traced to Emergence of Humans
            6. Scientists find gene has multitude of meanings
            7. FDA Halts 27 Gene theray trials
            8. Selection Spurred Recent Evolution
            9. Redifining disease, Genes and all
            10. Genetics
            11. Is Evolution Truly Random?
            12. Nobel prize in Literature
            13. Men I should learn from
            14. Stephen J. Gould
            15. Archive
            16. E.O. Wilson
            17. Noble Prizes
            18. Scientific Articles
            19. MIT webcasts
            20. Biology course
            21. Biology course2
            22. Berkley webcasts
            23. Biology course
            24. Biology course2
            25. Molecular cell biology
            26. Nutrition and toxicology
            27. Anthropology course
            28. Epidemiology
            29. Behavior and evolution
            30. Stanford webcasts
            31. Darwin
         2. Structure
      2. Clinical Endocrinology
         1. Intermediary Metabolism
            1. Porphyrias
            2. Hemochromatosis
            3. Wilson's disease
            4. Carbohydrate metabolism
            5. Lipoprotein metabolism
            6. Lysosomal Storage Disease
            7. Protein metabolism
            8. Purine and Pyramidine metabolism
            9. Membrane Transport Defects
            10. Connective Tissue disorders
         2. Bone and Mineral Metabolism
            1. Parathyroid and hyper-hypo-calcemia
            2. Osteoporosis
            3. bone dysplasia
            4. Paget's disease
         3. Basic Science
         4. Pathology
            1. Anterior Pituitary and Hypothalamus
            2. Posterior Pituitary
            3. Thyroid gland
            4. Adrenal Gland
            5. Diabetes Melitus
            6. Hypoglycemia
            7. Reproductive system
            8. Male Reproductive system
            9. Female reproductive system
            10. Disorders of sexual differentiation
            11. Menopause
            12. Endocrine Tumors
            13. Multiple endocrine disorders
            14. Tumors of GI tract
            15. Tumors of Pancreas
            16. Pheochromocytoma
         5. Sexual signs and symptoms
            1. Virilization
            2. Fertility control
            3. dysfunction
   2. Cardiology
      1. Embryology
      2. Anatomy
      3. Signs and Symptoms
      4. Investigations
         1. EKG
         2. Echo
         3. Catheterization
      5. Pharmacology
      6. Pathology and Treatment
         1. Malformations
            1. Congenital Heart Disease of Adulthood
            2. ASD
            3. VSD
            4. Tetralogy of Fallot
         2. Infections
         3. Inflammations
         4. Vascular
            1. Atherosclerosis
            2. Ischemia
            3. Stable Angina
            4. Prinzmetal's Angina
            5. Infarction
            6. Unstable Angina
            7. NONSTEMI
            8. STEMI
            9. Coronary Revascularization
            10. Hypertension
            11. Aortic Disease
            12. Vasculopathies
         5. Neoplasia
      7. Functional Disorders
         1. Arhythmia
            1. Bradyarhythmia
            2. Tachyarhythmia
         2. Heart Failure
         3. Cor Pulmonale
         4. Valvulopathy
            1. MR
            2. TR
            3. TS
            4. MS
            5. PS
            6. PR
            7. AS
            8. AR
         5. Pulmonary Hypertention
         6. Cardiomyopathy
         7. Cardiac manifestation of systemic disease
         8. Trauma
      8. Critical Care
         1. Shock
            1. Cardiogenic Shock
            2. Septic Shock
            3. Cardiac Arrest
      9. Signs and symptoms
         1. Dyspnea
         2. Cough
         3. Hemoptysis
         4. Cyanosis
         5. Edema
   3. Gastroenterology
      1. Signs and Symptoms
         1. Gastrointestinal
            1. Dysphagia
            2. Nausea, Vomiting, Indigestion
            3. Diarrhea, Constipation
            4. Wt loss
            5. GI bleeding
            6. Jaundice
            7. Abnormal swelling, ascites
      2. Mouth
         1. Clinical Examination
         2. Embryology
         3. Anatomy
         4. Pathology
      3. Esophagus
         1. Signs and symptoms
         2. Embryology
         3. Anatomy
         4. Pathology
      4. Stomach
         1. Embryology
         2. Anatomy
         3. Investigation
         4. Pathology
      5. Duodenum
      6. Small Intestine
      7. Large Intestine
      8. Sigmoid
      9. Anus
      10. Peritonitis
      11. Anexae
          1. Hepatobiliary system
             1. Embryology
             2. Anatomy
             3. Pathology
             4. Liver
             5. Functional
             6. Hyperbilirubinemia
             7. Infection
             8. Viral Hepatitis
             9. Inflammatory
             10. Alcoholic Liver disease
             11. Chronic hepatitis
             12. Drug induced hepatitis
             13. Degenerative and Genetic
             14. Metaboic disorders of the liver
             15. Transplantation
             16. Gallbladder
             17. Investigation
      12. Investigations
          1. Endoscopy
   4. Respiratory system
      1. Critical Care
         1. Respiratory Failure
         2. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
         3. Mechanical Ventilation
      2. Embryology
      3. Anatomy
      4. Pathology
         1. Asthma
         2. Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis
         3. Eosinophilic Pneumonitis
         4. Enviornmental Lung Disease
         5. Pneumonia
         6. Bronchiectasis
         7. Cystic Fibrosis
         8. COPD
         9. Interstitial Lung Disease
         10. Pulmonary Thrombembolism
         11. Pleura
         12. Mediastinum
         13. Diaphragm
         14. Chest wall
         15. Sleep Apneea
         16. Transplantation
      5. Investigation
      6. Functional Disturbances
         1. Ventilatory Disorders
      7. Signs and symptoms
         1. Dyspnea
         2. Cough
         3. Hemoptysis
         4. Cyanosis
         5. Edema
   5. Neurology
      1. Critical Care
         1. Coma
      2. Signs and Symptoms
         1. Nervous system
            1. syncope, faintness, dizziness, Vertigo
            2. Motor disorders
            3. Sensitivity disorder
            4. Sleep
            5. Focal cerebral disorders
   6. Psychiatry
   7. Oncology and hematology
      1. Oncology
         1. molecular biology of Cancer
            1. Cancer Genetics
            2. Angiogenesis
         2. Clinical approach
         3. Prevention
         4. Pharmacology
         5. Infections in Cancer patients
         6. Types of Cancer
            1. Skin
            2. Head and Neck
            3. Lung
            4. Breast
            5. GI
            6. Hepatobiliary
            7. Pancreas
            8. Bladder and kidney
            9. Prostate
            10. Testicles
            11. Gynecology
            12. Soft tissue and bone +bone metastasis
            13. Unknown primary site
         7. Paraneoplastic syndromes
         8. Emergency
         9. Late consequence and treatment
      2. Hematology
      3. Signs and symptoms
         1. Anemia signs and symptoms
            1. 1.Glossitis(B12/folate)
            2. 2.Posterior column/lateral column corticospinal tract signs (B12 alone)
            3. 3. exercise intolerance
            4. 4.dyspnea
            5. 5.High outpus failure
            6. 6. koilonychia
         2. Polycythemia
         3. bleeding
         4. thrombosis
         5. lymph and spleen enlargement
         6. granulocytes and monocytes
      4. Pathology
         1. Peripheral blood pictures
            1. 1.Hypersegmented Neutrophil
            2. Causes:
            3. folate/B12 deficiency
            4. 2.microcytic, hypochromic cells
            5. RBC's that have increased pallor can be assumed to be microcytic
            6. Causes:
            7. Iron deficiency
            8. anemia of chronic disease (ACD)
            9. Thalassemia
            10. Sideroblastic Anemia
            11. 3. Sickle cells ( anemia not trait)
            12. 4. Target cells
            13. Causes:
            14. Alcoholic liver disease
            15. hemoglobinopathy
            16. 5.Spherocytes
            17. Def.: No Central Area of Pallor
            18. Causes:
            19. Congenital spherocytosis
            20. ABO hemolytic disease of newborn
            21. 6. Tear drop
            22. Causes:
            23. myelofibrosis
            24. thalassemia
            25. 7.Howel Jolly body
            26. Causes:
            27. Spleen surgically removed
            28. Sysfunctional spleen as in HbS disease
            29. 8.Platelet
            30. small, red, anucleate
            31. 9.Lymphocyte
            32. black dot with thin rim of cytoplasm
            33. 10.Auer rod
            34. myeloblast with immature nucleus and splinter-like structure in cytoplasm
            35. 11.atypical lymphocyte
            36. Def.: big cell with a lot of blue cytoplasm
            37. Causes:
            38. Infectious Mononucleosis
            39. CMV
            40. Toxoplasmosis
            41. viral hepatitis
            42. phenytoin
            43. 12.eosinophil
            44. large, red granules that don't cover the nucleus and are the same color as RBC's
            45. Causes:
            46. type I hypersensitivity
            47. invasive helminthic infections
            48. 13.basophil
            49. Large, purple granules that do cover the nucleus and granules are darker than RBC's
            50. Causes: myeloproliferative diseases
            51. 14.rouleau
            52. Are simply RBC's with stack of coins effect: see increased sedimentation rate
            53. 15.schistocytes
            54. are fragmented RBC's seen in:
            55. microangiopathic hemolytic anemias:
            56. TTP
            57. HUS
            58. DIC
            59. 16.reticulocyte
            60. Special supravital stain: thin filaments represent RNA
            61. Are increased in:
            62. hemolytic anemias
            63. 5-7d after blood loss
            64. Iron deficienty after treatment
            65. B12/folate deficiency
            66. 17.Heinz bodies
            67. special stain: large blue inclusions with RBC membranes
            68. seen in G6PD deficiency
            69. 18.coarse basophilic stipling
            70. routine stain sees ribosomes
            71. seen in Lead poisoning
            72. Blood
            73. Smear
            74. Leukemias
            75. CML
            76. CLL
            77. Acute Leukemia
         2. Bone marrow pictures
            1. 1.megaloblastic marrow
            2. all cells appear big due to large, immature nuclei ( giant band neutrophils)
            3. Cause: B12/folate deficiency
            4. 2.myelofibrosis
            5. marrow is composed of fibrous tissue ( large cells are megakaryocytes)
            6. 3.aplastic anemia
            7. empty marrow with fat and islands of lymphocytes
            8. 4.multiple myeloma
            9. plasmablasts with bright blue cytoplasm, eccentric Nuclei, perinuclear halo
            10. 5.ringed sideroblast
            11. Prussian blue stain for iron: ring of blue around the nucleus of normoblast
            12. Indicate a defect in heme synthesis:
            13. Sideroblastic anemias due to Alcohol, pyridoxine, Lead poisoning
            14. Pathology
            15. Bone Marrow
            16. Follicular Lymphoma
            17. Follicular Lymphoma.2
            18. Erythroid hyperplasia
            19. Adenocarcinoma metastatic to bone
            20. Adenocarcinoma metastatic to bone
            21. Chronic Idiopathic myelofibrosis
            22. Blood
            23. CML
            24. CLL
            25. Acute Leukemia
      5. Hematology
         1. myeloproliferative disease
            1. polycythemia vera
         2. hematopoietic transplantation
         3. RBC's
            1. Anemia
            2. Anemia signs and symptoms
            3. 1.Glossitis(B12/folate)
            4. 2.Posterior column/lateral column corticospinal tract signs (B12 alone)
            5. 3. exercise intolerance
            6. 4.dyspnea
            7. 5.High outpus failure
            8. 6. koilonychia
            9. Classification of Anemia by MCV
            10. Microcytic MCV<80
            11. Iron deficiency
            12. Sideroblastic Anemia
            13. Alcoholics, B6 deficiency, Pb poisoning, preleukemia syndromes
            14. Lead poisoning
            15. Anemia of Chronic Disease
            16. Thallasemia
            17. Normocytic MCV 80-100
            18. Corrected reticulocyte under 2%
            19. Acute blood loss
            20. Acute iron deficiency
            21. Anemia of chronic disease
            22. Renal disease
            23. Corrected reticulocyte more than 3%
            24. Intrinsic hemolytic anemia = something wrong with RBC ( structure, biochem)
            25. Membrane defects
            26. Congenital spherocytosis or elliptocytosis
            27. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
            28. Abnormal hemoglobins
            29. Sickle cell
            30. Deficient enzymes
            31. G6PD
            32. Pyruvate kinase deficiency
            33. Extrinsic hemolytic anemia ( RBC is normal)
            34. Autoimmune hemolytic anemias
            35. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
            36. blood loss for more than a week
            37. Macrocytic MCV>100
            38. Folate deficiency=MC
            39. B12 deficiency
            40. 1.hypoproliferative anemias
            41. 2.Ineffective erythropoiesis anemias
            42. 3. hemolytic/blood loss anemia
            43. hemoglobinopathies
            44. megaloblastic
            45. myelodysplastic, aplastic, bone marrow failure
            46. Hemostasis
            47. platelet and vessel wall disorders
            48. coagulation and thrombosis
            49. antiplatelet, anticoagulant, fibrinolytic therapy
            50. Erythrocytosis
         4. WBC's
            1. lymphoid cell cancer
            2. Lymphomas
            3. Leukemia
            4. myeloid
            5. acute
            6. chronic
            7. Subtopic 2
            8. plasma cell disorders
      6. Hematopathology
   8. Rheumatology
   9. Infectious Disease
      1. Basic Science
         1. Immunization and Travel
      2. The Acutely Ill Febrile Patient
      3. Community Acquired
         1. Infective Endocarditis
         2. Osteomyelitis
         3. Intraabdominal infections
         4. Diarrheal disease and bacterial food poisoning
         5. Sexually Transmitted disease
         6. Clostridium dificile associated
      4. Nosocomial Infections
         1. Hospital infections
         2. Transplant patient
      5. Bacteria
         1. prophylaxis and treatment
         2. Gm+
         3. Gm-
         4. Nocardia
         5. Actinomycosis
         6. Mixed anaerobic
         7. Mycobacteria
            1. Pharmacology
            2. Tuberculosis
            3. Leprosy (Hansen's disease)
            4. Non-tuberculous
      6. Spirochetes
         1. Treponema
         2. Leptospira
         3. Relapsing Fever
         4. Borelia
      7. Chlamydia
      8. Ricketsiae
      9. mycoplasma
      10. Viruses
          1. Basic Science
          2. DNA viruses
             1. Herpes Simplex
             2. Varicella Zoster
             3. Epstein Barr
             4. Cytomegalovirus
             5. Herpesvirus 6,7,8
             6. Poxvirus
             7. Molluscum contagiosum
             8. smallpox
             9. Other
             10. Parvovirus
             11. Papillomavirus
          3. DNA/RNA respiratory viruses
             1. SARS
             2. Influenza
             3. Other common viruses
          4. RNA viruses
             1. Retrovirus
             2. HIV
             3. AIDS
             4. OTHER
             5. viral gastroenteritis
             6. enteroviruses and Reoviruses
             7. Rubeola = Measles
             8. Rubella=german measles
             9. Mumps
             10. Rhabdovirus
             11. Rabies
             12. Other
             13. Arthropod/Rodent-Borne
             14. Marbug viruses and Ebol
      11. Fungi
          1. Diagnosis
          2. Pharmacology
          3. Histoplasmosis
          4. Coccidiomycosis
          5. Blastomycosis
          6. Cryptomycosis
          7. Candidiasis
          8. Aspergillosis
          9. Mucormycosis
          10. Pneumocystitis
      12. Protozoa
          1. Amebiasis
          2. RBC parasites
             1. Malaria
             2. Babesiosis
             3. Other
          3. Leishmanias
          4. Trypanosomiasis
          5. Taxoplasmosis
          6. Trichomoniasis
          7. Intestinal protozoa
      13. Helminths
          1. Nematodes
             1. Tissue
             2. Trichinella
             3. Intestinal
          2. Cestodes
          3. Trematodes
             1. Schistosomiasis
   10. Genetics
       1. Basic Science
       2. Chromosome disorders
       3. clinical genetics
   11. Nutrition
       1. Overdosing and Toxicology
          1. Heavy metal poisoning
          2. Drug overdose
          3. Reptile bites
          4. Arthropod bites
          5. ectoparasite infestation
       2. Diatary assessment
       3. vitamins
       4. trace elements
       5. malnutrition
       6. obesity
       7. eating disorders
       8. enteral and parenteral nutrition
   12. Critical care
   13. Kidney and Urinary tract
       1. Signs and Symptoms
          1. Renal and Urinary tract
             1. Acidosis and Alkalosis
             2. Fluid and Electrolyte
             3. Azotemia
             4. Urinary abnormalities
       2. Embryology
       3. Anatomy
       4. Pathology
          1. Acute Renal Failure
          2. Chronic Renal Failure
          3. Transplantation
          4. Glomerular Disease
          5. Tubular Disorders
          6. Tubulointerstitial disease
          7. Vascular injury
          8. Nephrolithiasis
          9. Urinary tract infections
          10. Urinary tract obstruction
   14. Immune system
       1. Basic Science
       2. Primary Immune Deficiencies
       3. Immune-mediated injury
          1. Allergy
          2. Autoimmunity
             1. SLE
             2. Rheumatoid Arthritis
             3. Rheumatic Fever
             4. Systemic Sclerosis
             5. Sjogren syndrome
             6. Spondyloarthritides
             7. Vasculitis
             8. Bechet syndrome
             9. Relapsing polichondritis
             10. Sarcoidosis
             11. Amyloidosis
       4. Connective tissues
          1. signs and Symptoms
          2. Osteoarthritis
          3. Gout and Crystal Arthropaties
          4. Infectious Arthritis
          5. Arthritis associated with systemic diseases
             1. Fibromyalgia
          6. Periarticular Disorders
   15. Dermatology
       1. Signs and symptoms
          1. approach
          2. Eczema
          3. Psoriasis
          4. infections
          5. manifestations of internal disease
          6. immunologically mediated disorders of skin
          7. cutaneous drug reactions
          8. photosensitivity
   16. Ophthalmology