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Prehistory and History
- History means written history
- Prehistory means non-written; oral;
- Andean cultures had no writing system
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Physical Geog
- 4300 m/long
- 7000 km
- 6 countries
- Chile, Peru, Bolivia, etc.
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Archeology
- First areas where organized state societies occured.
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The six origin points of the world
- egypt
- mesopotamia
- indus river
- china
- mesoamerica
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3000 BCE Norte Chico Culture
- Take over the indigenous people
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1300-1400 BCE Inka Empire expands
- 10-12 million andeans speak katcha
- 1532 Atahulapa is conquered.
- The spanish brought smallpox in 1521;
by 1532, the Inka had lost 50% of it's
population
- 1572 The Spanish finally
collapsed the Inka state
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The Inka Expanded
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Mita
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Families pay once a year
by building a new thing
for the Empire. Labor
tribute.
- Catholics totally misinterpret mita into "we dont gotta pay 'em"
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Colonial Exploitation Systems
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Hacienda
- Crown owned Colonial Land system
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Encomienda
- Individuals owned 10,000 laborers
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Potosi
- First silver mine in Andes
- 300-1 million laborer deaths
- 400k pounds of silver
- Early 1800s, Conquestadores'
descendents decide to get
their own nation
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Andean Religion and Syncretism
- 50% of Latin America are indiginous
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Inka Religion
- Worship the sun
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Mummification
- All Inkan emperors
would be brought
out as mummies for
important ceremonies
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Spanish
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Anti-Idolatry
- Burned the mummies
- especially the old politically
powerful andean mummies
- Built a big fuck you Church of Santo Domingo
- On top of Andean church of the sun
- Destroyed any formal symbols of Andean religion
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Modern Andean Religion
- 80-90% consider Roman Catholic
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San Pedro/Inti Raymi Festival
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The priests were curious
as to why the San Pedro
festival was the most
raucus. Because it came
on the day after Inti Raymi
the festival of the Sun.
- Dress up as Condors
- Officially Catholic
- Dress up as the Sun
- The End of June
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They've been effectively
merged into one mega-fest
- The urban will say San Pedro
- The country folk will say Inti Raymi
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Globalization of Roses
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1980s Crack Cocaine epidemic starts
- coca leaves are not cocaine
- cocaine is totally different.
- chew coca leaves with your buddies
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Supply Eradication
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1991 Andean Trade Preference Act
- growing coca leaves is illegal
- subsidies on other agricultural products
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Eduador's climate
- 1000 - 2000 km up
- 12 hours of sunlight a day all year
- 70% of Ecuadors Roses are exported to the united states
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Cayambe Valley
- 50% of arable lands used by rose plantations
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Roses are fucking prolifically planted
- Labor force is totally Indigenous women: 20% under 18.
- this isn't a sweat shop, these wages of 150 a day are quite reasonable
- 650 Billion dollars worth in the Ecuadorean economy
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Free Trade?
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Water Usage
- Rose plantantions take the water
- Self-sufficient people now are forced into the supermarket
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Pesticides
- 30% of those Ecuadoran Pesticides are illegal in America
- These cause birth defects in the workers
- head aches, blurred vision, neurological disorders
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Monoculture crops and Blacklisting
- If you're blacklisted, you cannot find work