1. Linux常用命令
   1. Checking Your Login Session
      1. $ id
      2. $ who -uH
         1. NAME LINE TIME IDLE PID COMMENT chris tty1 Jan 13 20:57 . 2013
   2. Choosing Your Shell
      1. $ echo $SHELL
         1. Find what is the default shell
   3. Checking Directories and Permissions
      1. $ pwd
      2. $ echo $HOME
         1. $后面的参数为大写
      3. $ cd
   4. Locating Commands
      1. $ echo $PATH
      2. $ type bash bash is /bin/bash
   5. Checking System Activity
      1. $ ps -au
      2. $ ps -aux | less
   6. Command-Line Recall
      1. $ history 8
   7. Connecting and Expanding Commands
      1. Piping Commands
         1. $ cat /etc/password | sort | less
            1. AS4下，为passwd目录
         2. $ gunzip < /usr/share/man/man1/grep.1.gz | nroff -c -man | less
      2. Sequential Commands
         1. $ date ; troff -me verylargedocument | lpr ; date
      3. Background Commands
         1. $ troff -me verylargedocument | lpr &
      4. Expanding Commands
         1. $ vi $(find /home | grep xyzzy)
      5. Expanding Arithmetic Expressions
         1. $ echo “I am $[2006 - 1957] years old.”
   8. Managing Background and Foreground Processes
      1. $ find /usr > /tmp/allusrfiles &
         1. $ fg %1
         2. $ bg %5
   9. Using Shell Environment Variables
   10. Working with the Linux File System
       1. Files are organized within a hierarchy of directories.
   11. Creating Files and Directories
       1. cd Change to another current working directory. pwd Print the name of the current working directory. mkdir Create a directory. chmod Change the permission on a file or directory. ls List the contents of a directory. touch Creates empty files.
   12. Using File-Matching Metacharacters
       1. ✦ *—Matches any number of characters. ✦ ?—Matches any one character. ✦ [...]— Matches any one of the characters between the brackets, which can include a dash-separated range of letters or numbers.
   13. Using File-Redirection Metacharacters
       1. ✦ <—Directs the contents of a file to the command. ✦ >—Directs the output of a command to a file, deleting the existing file. ✦ >>—Directs the output of a command to a file, adding the output to the end of the existing file.
   14. Understanding File Permissions
       1. # chmod 777 file rwxrwxrwx # chmod 755 file rwxr-xr-x # chmod 644 file rw-r--r- # chmod 000 file ---------
       2. chmod a-w file r-xr-xr-x chmod o-x file rwsrwsrw chmod go-rwx file rwx------
   15. Moving, Copying, and Deleting Files
       1. $ mv abc def $ mv abc ~ $ cp abc def $ cp abc ~ $ rm abc $ rm *
   16. Starting with vi
   17. 注意
       1. Getting Help Using the Shell
2. GNOME及KDE桌面问题
   1. create a new configuration file,
   2. Tuning Up Your X Configuration File
      1. ✦ Mouse—
      2. ✦ Monitor—
      3. ✦ Video device—
3. 名词解释
   1. bash shell,
      1. which stands for Bourne Again Shell. The name is derived from the fact that bash is compatible with the first
4. Idea
   1. Description
   2. Pros
   3. Cons
   4. Action
   5. Author
5. 其它
   1. Press Ctrl+Alt+F1 (or F2, F3, F4, and so on up to F6 )