1. Collection of mobile devices/ nodes
2. Selfish nodes
   1. use network and its services but do not cooperate with other nodes
3. 3 categories of selfish nodes detection techniques
   1. A Reputation Based System
      1. build reputation metric for each node according to their behavioral pattern
   2. Credit Base Technique
      1. provide reward/incentives for nodes to perform function
      2. use virtual (electronic currency as incentive)
      3. Implement using 2 models
         1. PPM
         2. PTM
   3. Acknowledgement base system
4. performance depend on cooperation of nodes
5. good for emergency situations ,such as natural disasters, militory conflicts etc .due to having
   1. mininal configaration
   2. quick deployment
   3. absence of central governing authority
6. Dynamically form temporary networks without
   1. network infrastructure
   2. centralized administrator
7. several network hops needed to deliver packets in wireless network
   1. so here each node act as end system(router)
      1. due to limited communication range on mobile nodes
8. Routing protocols / Algorithms used
   1. commonly use AODV and DSR assume every node forward every packet but practice some nodes act as selfish.
   2. AODV
   3. DSR(Dynamic Source Routing)
9. new communication paradigm