1. Form (Forma)
   1. To form the past simple with regular verbs, we use the infinitive and add the ending “-ed”. The form is the same for all people (I, you, he, she, it, we, they).
      1. example
         1. want → wanted
         2. learn → learned
         3. stay → stayed
         4. walk → walked
         5. show → showed
2. Pronunciation (Pronunciación)
   1. We pronounce the ending “-ed” differently depending on the letter that goes to the end of the infinitive. In general the "e" is silent.
      1. With infinitives ending in "p", "f", "k" or "s" (voiceless consonants, except "t") we pronounce the ending "-ed" as a "t".
         1. Examples:
            1. looked [lukt]
            2. kissed [kisst]
      2. With the infinitives ending in "b", "g", "l", "m", "n", "v", "z" (voiced consonants, except "d") or a vowel, we pronounce only the " d ".
         1. Examples:
            1. cleaned [klind]
            2. yelled [jeld]
      3. With infinitives ending in "d" or "t", pronounce the "e" as an "i".
         1. Examples:
            1. ended [endid]
            2. waited [weitid]
3. Structure (Estructura)
   1. Affirmative Sentences (Frases afirmativas)
      1. Subject + main verb…
         1. Examples:
            1. She was a doctor.(Era doctora.)
            2. The keys were in the drawer.(Las llaves estaban en el cajón.)
            3. I wanted to dance.(Quería bailar.)
            4. They learned English.(Aprendieron inglés.)
            5. We believed him.(Le creímos.)
            6. I bought a blue car.(Compré un coche azul.)
   2. Negative Sentences (Frases negativas)
      1. Subject + "to be" + "not" ...
         1. Example
            1. She wasn't a doctor.(Ella no era doctora.)
            2. The keys weren’t in the drawer.(Las llaves no estaban en el cajón.)
            3. Subject + auxiliary verb (to do) + "not" + main verb (in infinitive) ...
         2. Note:
            1. The verb "to have got", which in the present simple follows the same rules as the verb "to be", cannot be used in the past tense. To indicate possession in the past, we use the verb "to have".
      2. Sujeto + verbo auxiliar (to do) + “not” + verbo principal (en infinitivo)…
         1. Examples:
            1. I didn’t want to dance.(No quería bailar.)
            2. They didn’t learn English.(No aprendieron inglés)
            3. We didn’t believe him.(No le creímos.)
            4. I didn’t buy a blue car.(No compré un coche azul.)
         2. Note:
            1. In negative sentences, the auxiliary verb goes in the past ("did") and the main verb stays in the infinitive.
   3. Interrogative Sentences (Frases interrogativas)
      1. "To be" + subject ...?
         1. Examples:
            1. Was she a doctor?(¿Era doctora?)
            2. Were the keys in the drawer?(¿Estaban las llaves en el cajón?)
      2. Auxiliary verb (to do) + subject + main verb (in infinitive)…?
         1. Examples:
            1. Did you want to dance?(¿Querías bailar?)
            2. Did they learn English?(¿Aprendieron inglés?)
            3. Did you believe him?(¿Le creíste?)
            4. Did you buy a blue car?(¿Compraste un coche azul?)
         2. Note:
            1. As in negative sentences, the auxiliary verb goes in the past (“did”) and the main verb stays in the infinitive.
4. Uses (Usos)
   1. The past simple is used to talk about a specific action that started and ended in the past. In this case it is equivalent to the Spanish indefinite past tense. Generally, we use it with adverbs of time such as "last year", "yesterday", "last night" ...
      1. Examples:
         1. Tom stayed at home last night.(Tom se quedó en casa anoche.)
            1. Kate worked last Saturday.(Kate trabajó el sábado pasado.)
            2. I didn’t go to the party yesterday.(No fui a la fiesta ayer.)
            3. Did they walk to school this morning?(¿Han andado a la escuela esta mañana?)
   2. The past simple is used for a series of actions in the past.
      1. Examples:
         1. I received the good news and immediately called my husband.(Recibí la buena noticia y llamé de inmediato a mi marido.)
            1. He studied for an hour in the morning, worked all afternoon and didn’t return home until 10 at night.(Estudió durante una hora por la mañana, trabajó toda la tarde y no regresó a casa hasta las 10 de la noche.)
   3. We use it for narratives or actions from long periods in the past, such as the Spanish past imperfect.
      1. Examples:
         1. I worked for many years in a museum.(Trabajaba en un museo durante muchos años.)
            1. She didn’t eat meat for years.(No comía carne durante años.)
   4. We also use it for repeated or habitual actions in the past, as the Spanish past imperfect is used.
      1. Examples:
         1. We always traveled to Cancun for vacation when we were young.(Siempre viajábamos a Cancun durante las vacaciones cuando éramos jóvenes.)
            1. He walked 5 kilometers every day to work.(Caminaba 5 kilómetros hasta el trabajo cada día.)
   5. It is used to talk about generalities or facts from the past.
      1. Examples:
         1. The Aztec lived in Mexico.(Los aztecas vivían en México)
            1. I played the guitar when I was a child.(Tocaba la guitarra cuando era niño.)
5. It is equivalent to the past imperfect and past indefinite of Spanish. We use the past simple for complete actions in the past.
6. There are many ways to talk about the past in English, but the past simple is the most common.
7. The time period of these actions is not important as in Spanish. In the past simple there are regular verbs and irregular verbs.
8. Exceptions:
   1. For verbs that end in an "e", we just add "-d".
      1. example
         1. change → changed
         2. believe → believed
   2. If the verb ends in a short vowel and a consonant (except "y" or "w"), we double the final consonant.
      1. example
         1. stop → stopped
         2. commit → committed
   3. With verbs that end in a consonant and an "y", the "y" is changed to an "i"
      1. example
         1. study → studied
         2. try → tried
9. Note:
   1. There are many irregular verbs in English. Unfortunately, there is no set standard for training them.
      1. example
         1. be was (I, he, she, it) - were (you, we, they)
         2. do did
         3. have had