-
glutamate considerations
- "glutamatergic transmission is associated with the well-established phonminon of excitotixicity. Excessive stimulation of glutamate receprots can lead to neuronal injury and death, by either direct or indirect activation of receptors on the postsynpatic neuron, leading to an opening of gated channles that allows for an influx of sodium, potassium, and calcium. This alters ionic and wtaer homeostasis and results in dendritic and cellular edema, activation of arachidonic acid, diacyl glycerol, and many other internal control mechanisms, ultimately leading to the generation of reactive oxygen metabolites, lipid peroxidation, and finally cell death" (from page P Hanaway gave me - source uncited).
-
Nutrition
-
Fats
-
Diagnostics
-
Omega 6:3 ratio
- target ~4:1
-
Omega 3 Index
- target 8-10%
- Dietary History, food journal, visit with dietician
-
Treatments
- generally avoid seed oils
-
DHA + EPA
- Supplement to Omega 3 Index target
- Subtopic 1
- caution with congophilic cerberal amyloidopathy
-
Phophatidylserine
- 200mg BIDAC x 2 months then 100 mg BIDAC
-
Glycerophosphocholine
- 1200mg TIDAC x 2 months then 400 mg TIDAC
-
Healthy Food Sources
- egges,
- soybeans
- nuts
- peanuts
-
Amino Acids
-
Diagnostics
- Amino Acid Plasma Analysis
-
Genetics
- THP2 SNP = 80% reduction of serotonin production
-
Subtopic 3
- Dietary History, food journal, visit with dietician
-
Treatment
- replete low amino acids
-
correct stress
- elevated cortisol cause Trp breakdown ^ less serotonin
-
correct inflammation
- cytokines breakdown tryptophan
-
GABA support
- GABA 500mg once in midafternoon and qHS
- Theanine 200mg once in midafternoon and qHS
-
Dopamine
- L-tyrosine 500mg once beofre breakfst, once mid-morning, and once mid afternoon
- After 3 days increase to L-tyrosine 1000mg once before breakfast, once mid-morning, and once mid afternoon
- After one week on L-tyrosine start I-Phenylalanine 500mg once before breakfast, once mid-morning, and once mid afternoon
- After 3 days of I-Phenylalanine increase to 1000mg once before breakfast, once mid-morning, and once mid afternoon
-
Serotonin
- 5-hydroxytryptophan 50mg BID (once in afternoon, once before bed)
- add additional 50mg in the afternoon and at bedtime q3 days until max dose of 150mg in afternoon and @ HS
- NB: if taking an SSRI or antidepressant use caution
- Melatonin 1-9mg for sleep if needed
-
Carbohydrates
-
Diagnostics
- Dietary History, food journal, visit with dietician
-
Treatment
- avoid processed foods, eat mostly plants
- Rainbow foodplan
-
Vitamins and Minerals
-
Diagnostics
-
Check B12 levels
- esp if <500
- Check precursor B vitamin Levels (eg FIGLU)
-
check MTHFR status
- replete with adequate methylation support
-
check Methylmalonic acid
- replete B vitamin Deficiency
-
check homocysteine
- replete B vitamin Deficiency
- Homocysteine <7
-
RBC Magnesium
- goal >6-6.5mg/dL
-
serum zinc and copper
- treat to ratio ideal 0.7-1.0
-
Vitamin D
- goal 50-80-ng/mL
-
Treaments
- methyl-B12
-
activated Folate
- dose dependent on MTHFR results and other results
- B1
- B3
- B6 (activated)
- B7
-
Cellular Communications & Hormones
-
Neurotransmitters
- as above
-
Hormones
-
Insulin
-
Diagnostics
- Dietary History, food journal, visit with dietician
- + ROS
- crave sweets
- energy "crashes"
- irritable anxious or intermittent Headaches esp if misses meals
- eating makes calm
- difficulty concentrating
- nigh sweats
- constant fatigue
- tired after eating
- Family History of DM
- PCOS
- heart Disease
- chronic fungal infections
- Waist to Hip Ratio >0.8
- Labs
- 2 hour glucose tolerance test
- insulin
- glucose
- NMR Lipid
- hs-CRP
- LFTs
- GGT
- Subtopic 6
-
Treatments
- Eating Plan
- Neutraceuticals
- alpha-lipoic acid
- biotin
- vanadium
- N-Acetylcysteine
- Herbs
- hops
- acacia bark
- ginseng
- green tea
- fenugreek
- cinnamon
- gymena sylvestre
- bitter melon
- garlic
- Medications
- metformin
- build to 2000 BIDAC
- Actos
-
Thyroid
-
Diagnostics
- ROS
- insomnia
- dry skin and hair
- constipation
- fluid retention
- menstrual problems
- PMS
- Hair loss
- cracked chipped gingernails
- low sex drive
- weight gain
- muscle aches and cramps
- heat or cold intolerance
- fatigue
- trouble getting up in the morning
- depression
- Subtopic 16
- Exposome ROS
- PCBs
- POPs
- chlorine
- Fluoride
- food allergies
- bromine
- rule out HPA/paraventricular nucleus stress and "fix" before directly addressing the thyroid
- Labs
- TSH
- FT4
- FT3
- RT3
- TPO
- anti-thyroglobulin antibodies
- selenium
- iodide
- iron
- zinc
- Omega 3 index (goal 8-10%)
-
Treatments
- Eating Plan
- including
- seaweed or sea vegetables
- low mercury sea foods
- sardines
- salmon
- smelt
- herring
- scallops
- dandelion greens
- brazil nuts
- consider eliminating
- processed soy based foods
- soy cheese
- soy burgers
- bars
- fluoride based toothpaste
- gluten
- wheat
- barley
- rye
- oats
- spelt
- kamut
- triticale
- Neutraceutical
- Vitamin A
- Vitamin D
- Zinc
- T3
- T4
- combo T3+T4
- dose range 15-180mg
- selenium
-
Sex Hormones
-
Diagnostics
- ROS (women)
- PMS
- weight fluctuations
- edema/puffiness/water retention
- headaches
- mood swings
- tender enlarged breasts
- depressed
- unable to cope with normal demands of life
- backaches, joint of muscle pain
- PMS food cravings (esp salt/sugar)
- irregular cycles, heavy bleeding, or light bleeding
- infertility
- use OCP or other hormones
- PMS migrains
- breast cysts or lumps or fibrocystic breast
- FHx of breast/ovarian/uterine Cancer
- uterine fibroids
- Perimenopausal Symptoms: hot flashes/mood swings/HA irregular cycles/heavy bleeding, fluid retention, breats tenderness, vaginal dryness, brain fog, muscle/joint pain, low libido, weight gain
- hot flashes
- anxiousness
- night sweats
- insomnia
- low libido
- dry skin/hair/vagina
- hart palpitatoins
- memory changes/trouble concentrating
- blaoting/weight gain around middle
- facial hair
- exposed to pesticides or heavy metals (food, water, air)
- ROS (Men)
- low libido/lost vitality
- trouble getting or maintaining an erection
- infertile or low sperm count
- loss of muscle
- increased abdominal fat
- fatigue or low energy
- loss of direction and purose or sense of apathy
- bone loss or fractures
- increasing cholesterol/triglycerides
- increased blood sugar or insulin
- feeling weak
- depressed
- exposed to pesticides (air, food, water)
- Subtopic 14
- Rule out Sleep apnea
- add from SG
-
Therapeutics
- foods
- tofu, tempeh, miso, nato, edemame
- Ground Flaxseeds 2 tablespoons BID
- Nutraceutical
- Evening Primrose Oil 1000 mg BID
- Menopausal Women
- 20mg Black Cohosh
- HRT
- estradiol
- estriol
- progesterone
- Testosterone
- DHEA
- HPA Axis Dysfunction
-
Cytokines
- see next (inflammation)
-
Correct Inflammation
- Cytokines
-
Diagnostics
-
ROS
- allergies
- food allergies/sensitivities/don't feel well after eating
- poor lighting environment (home/work)
- poor ventilations
- exposure to chemicals, pesticides, loud noise, heavy metals
- chronic or past stress
- sinusitis
- asthma/bronchitis
- dermatitis
- arthritis
- autoimmune disease
- colitis/IBD
- IBS
- neuritis (ADHD, autism, mood/behavior problems
- heart disease
- DM or BMI>25
- fhx or PD or AD
- drink more than 3 glasses of alcohol per week
- don't exercise more than 30 minutes 3 times per week
-
Labs
- NMR lipids
- ApoE status
- IL-1?
- Kynurenic/quinolinic ratio if <0.44 could suggest neurotoxicity via NDMA receptor agnost (quinolate)
- IL-6
- hs-crp
- TNF-alpha
- cyrex array 20
-
cyrex 2
- if abnormal then complete IgG panel
-
albumin:globulin ratio
- >1.5 optimal
- ESR
- anti-CCP
- TPOP
- ANA
- ?IgE food testing?
-
Dietary History, food journal, visit with dietician
- sugar
- animal fat
- processed food
-
Therapeutics
- Elimination Diet vs MIND v Ketogenic Diet
-
Nutraceuticals
- Tumeric 200mg BIDAC
- Zyflamend BIDAC
-
Digestive Enzymes (bet meals x 6 weeks)
- Bromelain and other proteolytic enzymes
- Omega 3 EPA/DHA
- Vitamin D
- Multivitamin
-
Digestion and Absorption
-
Diagnostics
-
Labs
- Subtopic 1
-
Cyrex Array 2
- if + food sensitivity testing
- Cyrex Array 3
- comprehensive stool testing
- glucose/lactulose breath testing if evidence of SIBO
-
Query Meds that interfere
- PPI
-
ROS
-
evidence of poor absorptions
- fatty/greasy/poorly formed stools
- constipation
- osteopenia/osteoporosis
- frequent antibiotics
- Subtopic 5
- Bloating/flatulence/buring after meals
- chronic yeat/fungal infections
- fatigue after eating
- heartburn
- chronic abdominal pain
- diarggea
- carbohydrates cause bloating
- anal itching
- geopraphic tongue
- sores on the tongue
- canker sores
- crave sweets and bread
- excessive stress
- antibiotics >2x per year over 3 years
- history of NSAID use
- OCP or HRT
- hx of prednisone/cortisone
-
any of these diagnoses
- ADHD
- Roisacea
- acne after adolescence
- eczema
- psoriasis
- celiac
- chronic autoimmune disease
- chronic hives/urticaria
- IBD
- IBS
- CFS
- FMS
-
Therapeutic
-
Rifaximin
- if IBS-d or SIBO
- chew food 25 times
- don't stand up while eating
-
Digestive Enzymes
- depending on Pancreatic Elastase level
- Betaine HCL
-
saccharomyces boulardii
- 150mg -250mg (3 - 5 Billion cfu)
-
L-glutamine
- 2500mg BID x 8 weeks
- Subtopic 2
- Quercitin 500mg BIDAC
-
-azole
- if evidence of yeast
-
Detoxification & Biotransformation
-
Diagnostic
-
ROS
- difficult to have daily Bowel movement
- urinate small amounts of foul smelling urine daily
- rarely sweat
- chronic fatigue
-
chronic muscle ache
- chronic
- chronic headache
- concentration and memory issue
- FMS/CFS
- drink unfiltered tap/well water
- dry clean clothes
- work/live in a poorly ventilated/climate controlled building
- live in large urban/industrial area
- use of household/lawn/garden chemicals to clean house/yard
- semi-regular exposure to pesticides/herbicides
- mercury/silver fillings in teeth
- eat large fish more than once a week (swordfish, tuna, shark, tilefish)
- feel wired from caffeine and experience joint pain/muscle aches or have hypoglycemic symptoms (anxiety/palpitations/sweating/dizziness)
-
Regular consumption of
- acetominophen
- Acid blockers
- hormone modulating medications (pills, patches, cream)
- NSAIDS
- medications for colitis, Crohns, recurrent headaches, allergy symptoms, nausea, diarrhea, or indigestion
-
bothered by:
- gasoline
- diesel fumes
- perfumes
- new car smells
- fabric stores
- dry cleaning
- hair spray
- strong odors
- sooaps
- detergents
- tobacco smoke
- chlorinated water
-
negative reactions when consume foods with
- MSG
- sulfite (wine, salad bars, dried fruit
- sodium benzoate (preservative)
- red wine
- cheese
- bananas
- chocolate
- small amount of alcohol/garlic/onion
- History of turning yellow or Gilberts
-
History of
- Breast Ca
- smoking induced lung Cancer
- other cancer
- prostate problems
- food allergies/intolerances/sensitivities
- Subtopic 6
-
Family History of
- PD
- AD
- ALS
- MS
- other neurodegenarative disease
- Subtopic 24
-
Labs
-
genetics
- ApoE
- treat with low processed foods, low glycemic load, and exercise
- MTHFR
- replete with methyl-folate
- GSTM
- ensure adequate B6, B12 and sulfur containing amino acids, sulfur containing amino acids (eg NAC) and 2 cups of cruciferous vegetables
- GSTP
- ensure adequate B6, B12 and sulfur containing amino acids, sulfur containing amino acids (eg NAC) and 2 cups of cruciferous vegetables
- CETP
- treat with low processed foods, low glycemic load, and exercise
- COMT
- adequate B6,B9, B12
- SOD-2
- manganese, zinc, copper, + phytonutrient rich diet
- Tritest
- DMSA Urine Provocation
-
Detoxigenomic panel
-
23 and me
- genetic genie
- MTHFR support
- Livewello
-
Therapeutic
- activate NRF2 pathway
-
Glutathione or related
-
R-lipoic acid
- 200-1000 mg daily
-
Reduced glutathione
- 1-3 gram per day
-
milk thistle
- 140mg BID of standardize extract
- 400-1200 mg daily
-
Whey Protein concentrate
- 2-3 servings daily
-
NAC
- 600-3000 mg /day
-
buffered ascorbic acid
- 1000 BID
- zinc
- selenium
-
Magnesium
- 400 + mg per day
-
Pantothenic acid
- 500-1000 mg daily
-
SAM-e
- 400-800 mg daily
-
extracts
- tumeric, pine bark, bilberry, grape, strawberry/black reasberry
-
Phase 1 Support
- magnesium, copper, zinc, vitamin C, vitamins B2/3/6/12 folate
-
Antioxidants
- vitamin C, E, NAC, ALA
- Carotenoids
- lycopene
- beta-carotene
- zeaxanthin, astaxanthin
- Lutein
- Flavinoids
- anthocyanidins
- Ellagic acid
- Quercitin
- Green Tea catechins
-
Phase 2 Support
- whey
- L-glutathione
- NAC
- glutamine
- glycine
- sulfur donors (taurine, sodium sulfate)
- pantothenic acid
- magnesium
-
methyl donors
- folate, choline, methionine, TMG, SAMe
-
Glucosinolates
- cruciferous
- Milk thistle
- Alginate
- Modified Citrus Pectin
- B-complex
-
sauna
- drink at least 16 ounces of purified water prior
- drink 16 ounces of purified water during treatment
- start with 10 miutes and increase by 5 minutes daily to max of 30-45 minnutes
- take a shower/cold dip every 10 min
- sauna temp should be 140-150 degreesF
- Far Infrared Sauna are lower tempratures and may be more easily tolerated
- shower with soap after sauna
-
Foods
- collards
- kale
- cabbage
- kohlrabi
- mustard greens
- rutabaga
- turnips
- bok choy
- chinese cabbage
- arugula
- horseradish
- radish
- wasabi
- watercress
- tumeric or curry
- 1-2 cups green tea daily
- eggs, garlic, onion
-
DMSA
-
10 mg/kg divided bid-tid 3 days on 11 days off (x3+ months as determined by follow up testing)
- Subtopic 1
- Zinc 40mg per day
- selenium 100-200 mcg daily
-
B6, Methyltetrahydrofolate, methylcobalamin
- methycobalamin 5000mg IM/subQ q 2 weeks
- Omega 3 Fatty Acids 1000-2000 mg daily
- Vitamin D 2000-4000 IU daily
-
Optional
- Phosphatidylcholine
- Protein Kinase modulators
- alginates
- Subtopic 10
- EDTA
-
Energy & Metabolism
-
Diagnostics
-
ROS (energy)
- chronic or prolonged fatigue
- aching muscle pain or discomfort
- sleep distrubances (falling asleep or waking up early)
- poor exercise tolerance/post-exertional fatiue
- muscle weakness
- touble concentrating or remembering things
- irritable/moody
- fatigue prevents from engaging socially
- fatigue interferes with work/family/social life
- distant/recent/current prolonged stress
- symptoms started after acute stress/infection/trauma
- present or history of chronic fatigue syndrome or fibromyalgia
- history of chronic infections (mono, respiratory, etc)
-
ROS (Oxidative Stress)
- less than 7-8 hours sleep per night
- dont exercise more tha 15 hours per week
- sensitive to perfume/smoke/fumes
- regular dep muscle/joint pain
- significant level of environmental toxin exposure
- smoke cigarettes or cigars
- regular 2nd hand smoke exposure
- > 3 alcoholic befverages per week
- tanning booth or extreme sun exposure without protection
- taking prescription, OTC or recreational drugs
- life is "stressful"
- fried foods, margarine, high levels of animal fat (meat, dairy)
- processed food (white flour/sugar) > 2 times per week
- eat fewer than 5 servings of deeply colored vegetables daily
- source of water
- amount of water consumed on daily basis
- chronic colds/infections (cold/canker sores)
- BM ? 25
- DM or heart disease
- Arthritis or allergies
-
Labs
- SOD??? (Oxidative Stress Panel 2.0 Genova
- Lipid Perox (Genova)
- glutathione
- selenium
- copper
- manganesse
- vitamin E (alpha and gamma)
- CoQ10
-
investigate occult infection
- HHV 6
- HSV 1, 2
- EBV
- CMV
- Mycoplasma Pneumonia
- Chlamydia Pneumonia
- Subtopic 7
- correlate with inflammation and related work up
- investigate mycotoxin
-
?calcium Channel genetics (?related to amyloid and NMDA receptor)
- CACNA1C mediates excitatory signaling by regulating the influx of calcium into the cell
- RYR3
- Kynurenic/quinolinic ratio if <0.44 could suggest neurotoxicity via NDMA receptor agnost (quinolate)
- Subtopic 14
-
Dietary History, food journal, visit with dietician
- sugar
- animal fat
- processed food
-
NMDA stimulating foods
- MSG
- aspartame
- Subtopic 3
-
Therapeutics
-
Nutraceuticals
- glutathione
- selenium
- copper
- manganesse
- vitamin E (alpha and gamma)
- NAC
- glutathione
- creatine
-
CoQ10
- 100mg daily
-
D-ribose
- 5 grams daily
-
Acetyl L-carnitine
- 500mg BID
-
Alpha-lipoic acid
- 100 mg BID
-
NADH
- 10 mg daily sublingual
- Resveratrol
- personalize based on oxidative stress/nutreval testing
-
NMDA receptor considerations
- Magnesium (potent antagonist)
-
zinc
- inhibits glutamate signaling and induces antidepressant effects
- GABA
- taurine
- viatmin B6
- vitamin D
- NAC (glutamate antagonist and antiox for the ROS)
- EGCG (potent)
- Memantine
- amantadine
-
Alpha-lipoic acid (antiox that blocked GSH depletion with glutamate)
-
Curcumin
- if depression involved
- vitamin E
-
Melatonin
- acts as antiox to remove free radicals from glutamate damage
- CoQ10
- Nitrous Oxide
- Huperzine A
- vitamin B 12
- calcium channel blockers
- Subtopic 3
-
Stress (Calm your mind)
-
Diagnostics
-
ROS "adrenal dysfunction"
- low BP
- dizzy when stand up
- low blood sugar
- salt cravings
- sugar/sweet cravings
- dark circles under eyes
- trouble falling or staying asleep
- non-restorative sleep
- mental fogginess or trouble concentrating
- recurring headaches
- frequent infections
- post-exertional fatigue
- sense of "stressed out" most of the time
- tired but wired
- water retention
- panic attacks or easily startled
- heart palpitations
- need to start the day with caffeine
- poor tolerance to alcohol, caffeine, other drugs
- feel weak and shaky
- sweaty palms and feet when nervous
- feel fatigued
- muscle weakness
- Connected to a Life Purpose?
-
Assessement of "automatic Negative Thoughts"
- Happy talk vs Negative Talk
-
Assessment of modifiable stressors
-
trauma/abuse
- sexual, physical, emotional,
- PTSD
-
environmental stressors
- home, work, etc
- water damaged buildings
- infections
- hospitalizations/ new medications/procedures
- see McEwan, Sapolsky, Sonia Lupien
- recent significant major life events
-
assessment of dietary stressors
- transfats
- processed foods
- sugar/high fructose corn syrup
- Toxins
- Allergins
- chronic infections
- chronic illness
- Overweight/obesity
- alcohol/tobacco/drugs
-
Laboratory
- B-vitamin status
- DHEA-s
- AM cortisol
-
Adrenocortex Stress Profile
- 4 samples of salivary hormones (cortisol/DHEA)
-
Therapeutics
-
Goal Directed Behavioral Therapy
- Health coaches
- see Fotuhi paper
-
EMDR
- if PTSD
- Neurofeedback
-
Exercise
- increase BNDF
- normalize cortisol
- decrease inflammation
- normalize insulin resistance
- Heart Rate Variability Tools
- Progressive Muscle Relaxation
- Vagus Nerve Stimulation Exercises
-
Breathing Techniques
- soft-belly breathing
- Mindfulness Meditation approaches
- Magnesium Salt bath
- Yoga
- Massage
- Meditation
- Dance
- Tai Chi/Qui Gong
- Journaling
- Be in nature
- Music
- Arts and crafts
- Increase social network and engagement
-
Nutraceuticals
-
Asian Ginseng Root (Panax Ginseng)
- standardized to 8% (16mg) ginsenosides
- - 200mg BID
-
Rhodiola Root Extract (Rhodiola rosea)
- standardized to 1 percent (o.5mg) salidroside
- 100mg BID
-
Siberian Ginseng Root (Eleuthrococcus Senticosus)
- standardized to contain 0.8% eleutherosides
- 250mg BID
- B-complex
-
Vitamin C
- 500-1500mg BID (to bowel tolerances) x 2-6 months
-
DHEA
- dose depends on DHEA-s
-
Special Consideratoins
-
Memory Enhancing Herbs
-
Huperzine A
- 100 mcg BID
-
Vinpocetine
-
5-10mg BID
- do not use if on blood thinners
-
Ginko Leaf Extract
-
standardized to 24% ginkgoflavonglycosides and 6% terpene lactones
- 80-160mg BID
-
Mood Enhancing Nutraceutical
-
SAM-e
-
400mg QID or 800mg BID to start
- response usually occurs within 3 weeks and can reduce the dose to 400 mg BID
- use as adjunct to methylation supplemenation and magnesium
- do not use in patient's with Bipolar Disorder