-
Future
-
Potential with HTML5
- Location awareness
-
Scenarios
- Getting from A to B
- Specific location information
-
Augmented Reality
- Tied up with advertising
-
Some say too specific
- Really about virtual experience
in physical environment
-
Some say needs to be
tightly defined
-
e.g. Layar & Google
Skymap are different
- Purpose, openness, etc
-
'Ambient buildings'
- Anything that 'augments'
everyday experience
-
Not going to be so big
-
More location-based stuff
- Privacy issues
- Talk to Pervasive Media Studio (Bristol)
-
Lot of opportunities, no real case studies yet
-
'Stealth technology'
- Needs 'conduit' to mass adoption (me)
- Lots of potential
- www.inter-life.org (mix of virtual and real worlds)
-
Social Learning
- Next big thing according to James Clay
-
iPad
- The future, according to James Clay
-
Hyped out of all recognition
- iPod touches are better for education (David Sugden)
- No one device to do everything
- Android tablets potentially useful
-
People starting from the wrong place
- Issue = institutional vs student-owned devices
-
New category? Maybe
-
Killer device? No
- 1st generation (no comparison iPhone 1 vs 4)
-
Android tablets
- Pricing
- Devices on the way
- Texas 'Blaze'
- Move towards 'mobile thin clients' with cloud storage?
- Display devices will become as ubiquitous as ballpoint pens
-
Open/Closed debate
- Practitioners probably not
thinking about this at moment
-
Also about apps vs
open web
- Publishers interested in apps
because easier to make money
- Apps aren't going away
because so profitable
-
'Platform agnosticism'
- Cloud computing
-
Open will prevail (Ian Singleton)
- But more complicated than that
-
Be careful of bandwagons
- Need to focus on accessibility
-
Room for both?
- Lowest common denominator = most important
-
Mobile operators
-
Changing how they sell mobile data
-
Billing
- Possible to have tariff plans based on location (postcode, optimization, etc.)
- Strategy important
- Institutional recommendations
- Wifi-enabled dual-mode devices
- More of a 'dongle' debate
-
Modules/courses
-
Institute of Education
- MA in ICT in Education
- MsC in Learning Technologies
-
User-generated content
- Explosion in FE/HE
-
Hamstrung by assessment regimes in secondary
-
Need to teach 'mobile phone proficiency'
- Mobiles currently 'playthings'
-
Need to separate teaching and assessment
- Branding
-
More project-based learning
- Semi-formal learning
- Unconferences & grass-roots events
-
Devices with projectors built-in
- Key issue = responsibilities
-
Pico projection
-
Consumer devices 2012/13
- Built into mobile devices
- Need to think not only about output but inputs as well
- Distribution = key
-
Cloud computing
- Goes hand-in-hand with mobile
- More you can outsource the better
-
Mobile maturity
- Many projects repeating previous mistakes
-
Trends
-
Smartphone sales will surpass PC sales by 2012
- http://voices.washingtonpost.com/posttech/2010/06/mobile_internet_exploding_onli.html
-
More smartphones (93m) will be sold than basic phones (90m) in 2011
- http://voices.washingtonpost.com/posttech/2010/06/mobile_internet_exploding_onli.html
-
10 global trends from the World Bank blog
- http://blogs.worldbank.org/edutech/10-global-trends-in-ict-and-education
-
Universities looking at using smartphones as learning tools
-
e.g. Stanford iApps
- http://studentapps.stanford.edu/iapps.html
-
More use of mobile video
- http://mashable.com/2009/03/08/mobile-video/
-
Students active rather than passive
- http://blogs.ubc.ca/brian/2008/11/when-im-drivin-free-the-worlds-my-home-more-on-going-mobile/#more
-
Safety
- http://www.ravewireless.com/news/10/02/2009
-
The Internet in 2020? Mobile
-
Survey
- http://www.elon.edu/e-web/predictions/expertsurveys/2008survey/mobile_internet_2020.xhtml
-
Everything connected
-
WideSPIME
- http://www.widetag.com/technology/widespime/
-
Convergence
- http://tarina.blogging.fi/2008/10/18/speaking-at-mobile-monday-amsterdam/
-
Third spaces in libraries
-
'Thinkering Spaces'
- http://www.id.iit.edu/ThinkeringSpaces/
-
Bite-size learning content
-
Microlectures
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microlecture
-
Micropayments
- http://gigaom.com/2008/11/12/apples-iphone-offers-the-ideal-micropayments-platform/
-
Huge increase in touchscreen mobile device sales during 2010
- http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=1313415
-
Apps as the 'secret sauce'
-
p.83 of Morgan Stanley report
- https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.morganstanley.com/institutional/techresearch/pdfs/Theme_2_Mobile_Ramping.pdf
-
Benefits/challenges of native apps
- p.162 of Morgan Stanley report
- https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.morganstanley.com/institutional/techresearch/pdfs/Theme_3_Apple_Leading.pdf
-
Benefits/challenges of web apps
- p.163 of Morgan Stanley report
- https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.morganstanley.com/institutional/techresearch/pdfs/Theme_3_Apple_Leading.pdf
-
Moving to netbooks as well
- e.g. Jolicloud
-
Increasing power of mobile devices
-
Smartphone in 2009 as powerful as desktop in 2001
- p.111 of Morgan Stanley report
- https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.morganstanley.com/institutional/techresearch/pdfs/Theme_2_Mobile_Ramping.pdf
-
3 types of mobile/wireless device
- p.115 of Morgan Stanley report
- https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.morganstanley.com/institutional/techresearch/pdfs/Theme_2_Mobile_Ramping.pdf
-
5 trends converging
- p.125 of Morgan Stanley report
- https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.morganstanley.com/institutional/techresearch/pdfs/Theme_2_Mobile_Ramping.pdf
-
Google attempting to 'Windowize' mobile devices through Android
-
p.182 of Morgan Stanley report
- https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=http://www.morganstanley.com/institutional/techresearch/pdfs/Theme_3_Apple_Leading.pdf
-
Testing out of devices
-
'Loanership'
- e.g. Duke University
- http://cit.duke.edu/services/lab/exploratory_equipment.html
-
Predictions for 2020
- http://www.slideshare.net/rudydw/mobile-trends-2020
-
And some for 2010
- http://www.slideshare.net/TrendsSpotting/2010-mobile-influencers-trend-predictions-in-140-characters-by-trendsspotting
-
Lifetime of devices
- e.g. cassette tapes/ CDs / Google Wave
-
'Embedded sensors' misleading term
- Some embedded in mobile, some in home/school
- By 2020 will be widespread
- Technology exists now for an 'Internet of Things'
- Barriers = cost/culture
- 'Common sense' (what's acceptable
- Purpose/solution
-
Bluecasting
-
Zigbee as alternative
- Very low power
-
Watch NFC (Near Field Communications)
- Similar to RFID, etc. but 3" radius
- Transport data over v. short distances
- e.g. Oyster cards
- Replace dinner money/library fines, etc.
- Sony, Toshiba, et al
- Jetstream (530MB/sec)
- Wave camera in front of TV to transfer photos
- Security in proximity
- Context (location-awareness)
- Can integrate with GPS (places in building)
- Differential, marked GPS
-
Ambient buildings
-
Embedded clothing
- RFID sign-on
- One step on from PortableApps
- c.f. BMW/Mercedes key presses
-
Change in education
-
Distance/home-based learning
- Not just classroom
-
Pressure to do things differently
-
Government finances
- OU in Higher Education
- Open Schools?
- Employer pressure
-
Cultural pressure
- Visual learning at home (consoles, etc.)
-
Current practice
-
Fragmented landscape
-
Could hinder educational use
-
Suggestions
- Key bits of info on website
- Investigate exciting new hardware
-
Two reasons
- Innovative stuff being
done by practitioners
taken for granted
(by them & institution)
- MoLeNet reticence to
engage with publications
- Public perception that homogenizing,
but not the case
- Divide between pragmatic and academic approach
-
Relationship with
desktop machines
- Fuzzy line
- Mobile should do things better
-
Students
- Need to build on critical mass
-
Use surveys to find what
the state of play is
-
Things going mainstream
& achieving 'critical mass'
important
- Positive externalities
- e.g. Fax machines more
useful the more people
have them
-
Higher proportion with smartphones
than general population
- 99% will have smartphones
within 2-3 years
-
Social networking integration?
- Facebook = c.40% of mobile
internet traffic
- Examples of pro-social networking
- Warrington College
- Chesterfield College
-
'Context' is big keyword at the moment
- Learning 'in' and 'across' contexts
-
VLEs
-
Current idea to put VLEs
on mobile devices
- Will fail because not
appropriate
- Move towards digestible pieces of learning
- Blackboard going to add mobile element
-
Location-based
-
Lots happening at the moment
-
Has gone mainstream along with
games-based learning
- University campuses perfect for this
- Make Freshers info
available year-round
-
Move to Augmented Reality
- e.g. Museum of London iPhone app
-
HARP
- http://isites.harvard.edu/icb/icb.do?keyword=harp&pageid=icb.page69587
-
Senior Managers
-
Want simple stuff
(e.g. SMS)
- Equality of access considerations
- Pragmatic, context-sensitive works best
-
Tension
- Economic best practice
- Pedagogic best practice
- Should take advantage of iTunesU
and OpenCourseWare
-
Can improve retention through personalisation
- 8-10% improvement? (need source)
-
Problem = see ILT as cost-saving measure
- Although mobile learning can help with retention ('bums on seats')
- Resistance to change mostly from IT people
- Shouldn't erode teachers' skills by stereotyping
-
Response systems
- Bluetooth
- Wifi
- Twitter
-
SMS
-
e.g. edutxt, JANET text, txttools
- http://www.edutxt.co.uk/preloginjsp/edutxt/index.jsp
- Plenty of potential left
-
Digitization projects
- JISC
-
MoLeNet works because teachers experiment
- Catalyst
- Need examples of things that *don't* work
-
Bluetooth is a dying technology
-
Being replaced by email and uploading directly
- Smartphones increasingly have functionality
-
Reducing friction
-
e.g. Eee PCs & Dropbox
- Case study from Chesterfield College
-
Mobile games devices
-
PSPs, Nintendo DS, etc.
- Pilot studies promising
-
PSPs good
- Screen size
- Camera
- St Helen's College, Lancs. (case study)
- DS working well at Ashton-under-Lyme 6th form college
- Blackburn College using iPhones with teacher training
-
Mobile devices banned or frowned upon in many places
- Ethical considerations
-
iTunesU
- Dominated by filmed lectures
-
Convergent devices
-
e.g. iPhone
- Question becomes not 'how?' but 'what?'
-
Student-owned devices
- Too expensive/too much friction for institution-provided
- Digital divide/social justice issues with using student-owned
-
Passive use
-
Media given to students
-
Need to be creating (David Sugden)
- Evaluation & comparison skills
-
Barriers
- Classroom management
-
Philosophy of Heads of IT/Estates
-
Need to praise IT staff
- Remove blame culture
- ITQ for mobile learning has potential
- Accessibility
- Speed of technology obsolescence
-
Look at library community
- Virtual tours
- QR codes
- Wireless solutions
-
Problems
-
Wireless overload
-
32 concurrent users on 802.11g
- Wireless protocols
- Mesh (military tech)
- Look at Israelis
- Layered wireless
- 3-4 levels of users
- Bandwidth
-
WiMax "won't happen in Europe"
- 4 competing standards
- LTE
- WiMax
- 3G
- 4G
- In US, most laptops WiMax-enabled (satellite-based)
- Good download, poor upload (slight delay)
- Lowestoft using until recently
- No gaming!
-
Data security (perception)
-
People lose devices
- Andy's work suggests otherwise
-
Can't sustainably buy classroom sets of devices
- Even cheap stuff
- 'Society in motion' (Big Issues in Mobile Learning)
-
Past 3 years
-
Benefits of mobile access
-
Topic
-
Create anytime/anywhere version
of current offerings
- Trivial to do
- Currently just
screen-size changes
-
No mechanism for collective purchasing
-
Topic
- Need something similar to CHEST?
-
MoLeNet
-
Only small-scale projects up to 2006
- MoLeNet started in 2007
-
Publications
- 'Go Mobile' (with JISC TechDis)
- Games technology for learning
- MoLeNet Academies set up after Year 1
-
Resulted from initial European projects
- Follow-up work from LSC
-
40,000 learners involved in projects
- 7-8,000 members of staff
-
Change in activities
-
No longer focused on shiny toys
- Greater understanding of e-learning
- Doesn't bring out all elements of 'mobility'
-
JISC
- JISC eBook collections observatory project
-
Rapid innovation grants
- Language students able to record colloquialisms
- Mobile campus at Bristol
- Historical maps
- Landscape study (2008)
-
Lots of interesting things happening
because of extra features of mobile
-
e.g. video, GPS
- PSPs especially good
-
Media delivery easier
- No longer need laptop
for audio/video
- About tablet PCs as well as smartphones
-
Clear standards r.e. technology for doctors/nurses, etc.
- Not in education
-
Move away from PDAs
-
Wifi on smartphones
- No need for data contract
-
More mobile-friendly sites/apps
- e.g. iPadio
-
Not just mobile phones, tablets, etc.
-
Also digital cameras (e.g. Busby)
- Students use own memory card
-
Focus on the shiny shiny
-
Problem of 'dancing bearware'
- Alan Clark, 'The Inmates Are Running the Asylum'
-
Other
-
Education's relationship
to commercial mobile
technologies/opportunities
-
Being behind 'hype curve' = a good thing
-
Topic
- Means education can cherry-pick
-
e.g. email used by businesses first
- click to add more
-
Assumption that commercial always innovative is wrong
- Education needs flexibility
-
eBooks tested with OU in 2001
-
Have tested several things since then
(poor usability with Kindles)
- Knew what to do
with iPad immediately
-
Education has direct relation to consumer technologies
-
Cloud storage of educational material
- J-Cloud or G-Cloud?
-
What is a 'mobile device'?
-
17" MacBook Pro?
- To do with location of learner
-
Four different types
- People who have huge investment in e-Learning
- Academics looking for ultimate device
- Changing pedagogies using technologies
- Standards
- m-learning is not an improverished
version of e-learning
-
Research funding
- Social improvement
(e.g. LSN, NIACE)
--> tends to be
uncritical
-
Research activity
(e.g. research councils)
--> tends to be
obscure
- Bubbling of research activity, but no
real sustainable approaches
-
Mobile learning is moving fast
- Institutions aren't
-
Mobile devices change pedagogies
- Unlike IWBs, etc.
-
MFL using mobile
devices a lot
- Spoken element
- Situated element
- Ability to break stuff down
-
London Mobile Learning Group
- Brings together people from range of backgrounds
- Database of projects
-
Talk of 'net generation' = too simplistic
-
About behaviours
& awareness
- Not necessarily generational
- Easier to get stuff onto Android devices
-
ROI
-
Difficult to prove
-
Becta did some work on this
- Difficult to prove
-
Numbers
-
82m mobiles in UK
-
130% penetration
- 3 reasons
- Work/personal phone
- Second phone for work (specialists)
- Growth in machine-to-machine
- e.g. smart meters
-
Ofcom figures out recently
- Annual report
-
5 billion mobiles worldwide
-
Will grow (some say) to 20 billion by 2020
- Connectivity
- 'Internet of things'
-
Starting point
-
Every institution needs a digital strategy
-
Access/download from internet
- Wireless
- Speed
- Capacity
-
Digital library
- Access ebook material/course content
- VLEs imply proprietary
(need to be more open)
- Ease of access
- Across traditional boundaries
- Changing focus on institution
- Needs to be a solution to a problem
- How 'mobile' does the learning need to be?
- Learners need to be comfortable with devices
- Need to pick a point to support (continuous improvements in tech)
- Need to consider infrastructure
- Start with end point and work backwards
- Data 'cleans itself' if tech used properly
-
Advice to senior managers
-
Appliance management
- Asset registry
- Owned/students/visitors
- O2 have
- Huggers (static)
- Hoppers (mobile)
- Visitors
- Follow through so mobile devices can access VLE, etc.
-
International
-
Lack of legacy infrastructure
- Exciting things happening as a result
- Pragmatic, as opposed to philosophical concerns
-
Countries/areas to look at
-
Australia
-
Early innovators
- Distances involved
- Group of pioneers
-
Scandanavia
- Finland (Nokia)
- Italy
-
UK
- Seen as 'extending' learning
(e.g. home access)
- Leads the world in mobile applications
-
Was world leader 5 years ago
- Not now
- Inertia
- Tech-heavy
-
USA
-
Lagging behind
- Very corporate
-
Demand for mobile learning has grown by 18.3% over last 5 years
- http://www.ambientinsight.com/News/Ambient-Insight-Mobile-Learning-Report-Released.aspx
-
Overtook Japan as largest mobile learning market in 2009
- http://www.ambientinsight.com/News/Ambient-Insight-Mobile-Learning-Report-Released.aspx
-
Africa
- Attempting to 'leapfrog' the west
-
Many don't have access to books, but do have mobile phones
- http://www.infodev.org/en/Article.551.html
-
Easy payments
- http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/africans_and_their_mobiles_part_1.php
-
Japan
-
mobile culture
- High-end devices
due to small houses
- Asia ahead in hardware
but not software
-
Organizations & projects
- International Association
for Mobile Learning
(iamlearn.org)
-
European Mobilearn & mLearning projects were
about learning outside the classroom
- Basic education
- Workplace learning
- Norbert Pachler has database of projects
-
MOTILL project
-
Still in dissemination phase
- Italy, UK, Hungary & Ireland involved
-
FE/HE issues
- FE seems to experiment
more than HE
-
Sheffield College moving to support
all student mobile devices
- Bradford College doing
something similar
- Diana Laurillard attempted unified
strategy across all education sectors
whilst at DfES
-
Publications
- Horizon Report 2010
- Mobile and blended
learning journal