Networks in real life
Social network
Social ties
Friends
Increased complexity
Technology
Global
Large group of people tightly interconnected
Information networks
Increased complexity
Different sources
Variety
Perspectives
Sources
Reliabilities
Motivating intentions
Understanding information
How is it connected with others
Links
Technological and economical networks
Complex
Behavior difficult to understand
Big amount of data
Digitally mediated
Disruptions
Spread rapidly
Cascading failures
Underlying network structures
Macroscopic effects
Intricate patterns
Localized interactions
What is it?
Elements
Objects
Collection of objects
Connected with links
With a certain structure
Pattern
Interconnections
Densely conected
Central cores
Natural splits
Multiple tightly connected regions
Participants
Central
Peripheral
Connectedness
Who is connected with whom
Ties
Strong ties
Close and frequent social contacts
Tightly-linked regions of the network
Weak ties
Casual and distinct social contacts
Cross between regions
Short-cuts
Structural holes
Graph theory
Large populations
Behavior and dynamics
Connectedness
Individual actions
Outcomes
Consequences on the whole network
For the each individual
Framework for reasoning
Behavior in networks
Interaction in networks
Models of networked behavior
Strategic behavior
Strategic reasoning
Evaluating actions
Not in isolation
Potential reactions from the world
Subtle cause-effect relationships
Understanding highly connected systems
Network structure
Strategic behavior
Feedback effects
Aggregate behavior
Game theory
Equilibrium
Braess's Paradox
Strategy
Payoff
Markets and strategic interacion on networks
Models of trade
Interactions
Buyers
Sellers
Positions in the network
Powerful position
Number of connections
Power of the other individuals
Population effects
Social practices
Ideas
Beliefs
Opinions
Innovations
Techologies
Products
Social conventions
People influence each other's behavior
New practices spread through a population
Amount of people doing something
Added value
Number of users
Rich get richer
Information cascades
Abandon private information
Follow a crowd
Imitation is not a given
Ask why people are influenced by behavior of others
Behaviour of others=information
Evaluation of idfferent choices
Direct benefit from aligning your behavior with that of others
Decision-making
Search
Exlpore social chains
Information
Referrals
Examples
Diffusion of technology
Social contagion
Contantly emerging and evolving
Structural effects
Immediate neighbors vs population as a whole
Institutions and aggregate behavior
An institution
Rules
Conventions
Mechanisms
Synthesize individual actions
Pattern of aggregate behavior
Markets as aggregators of beliefs
Probabilities of future events
Voting
Prioritization
Cumulative social preference