1. cultural awareness
   1. knowledge
   2. understanding
   3. awareness
2. language knowledge
   1. phonetics
   2. vocabulary
   3. grammar
   4. functions
   5. topics
3. language skills
   1. speaking
   2. listening
   3. reading
   4. writing
4. learning strategies
   1. cognitive strategy
   2. self-management strategy
   3. communication strategy
   4. resource strategy
5. affect
   1. international perspectives
   2. patriotism
   3. confidence
   4. motivation