Ancient
Pre-Socratic cir. 585-450 BCE
Milesian
Thales
System
thales.doc
Anaximander
System
Aperion
Anaximenes
System
anaximines.doc
Pythagoreans
Pythagoras
System
Philolaus
Alcmaeon
Archytas
Heraclitus
System
heraclitus.doc
Eleatic School
Parmenides
System
parmenides.doc
Zeno of Elea
Melissus of Samos
Xenophanes
System
xenophanes.doc
Pluralists
Empedocles
Anaxagoras
Atomists
Leucippus
Democritus
Metrodorus
Pherecydes
Sophists
Gorgias
Protagoras
Antiphon
Prodicus
Hippias
Thrasymachus
Callicles
Critias
Lycophron
Diogenes
Hellenistic
Metrodorus the Younger
Arcesilaus
Archimedes
Clitomachus
Peripateticism
Theophrastus
Strato
Alexander of Aphrodisias
Cyrenaicism
Aristippus of Cyrene
Epicureanism
Epicurus
Metrodorus of Stratonicea
Zeno of Sidon
Philodemus
Lucretius
Stoicism
Zeno of Citium
Chrysippus
Posidonius
Cleanthes
Epictetus
Neo-Pythagoreanism
Apollonius of Tyana
Numenius of Apamea
Neo-Platonism
Plotinus
Porphyry
Iamblichus of Chalcis
Pyrrhonism
Pyrrho
Aenesidemus
Timon
Cynicism
Antisthenes
Diogenes of Sinope
Menippus
Crates of Thebes
Demetrius
Philo of Larissa
Philo of Alexandria
Agrippa
Platonism
Speusippus
Carneades
Antiochus of Ascalon
Xenocrates
Plutarch
Classical Greek
Socrates
Euclid of Megara
Plato
Aristotle
Stilpo
Medieval
Augustine
Boethius
John Scottus Eriugena
Maimonides
Roger Bacon
Anselm of Canterbury
Peter Abelard
Thomas Aquinas
John Duns Scotus
William of Ockham
Renaissance
Mirandola
Erasmus
Machiavelli
Thomas More
Paracelsus
Copernicus
Montaigne
Early Modern
Francis Bacon
Rene Descartes
Hobbes
Henry More
Arnauld
Malebranche
Benedict Spinoza
Lady Anne Conway
John Locke
Gottfried Leibniz
Berkekey
Wolff
Rousseau
Immanual Kant
Bentham
Schiller
Malthus
19th Century
Johann Fichte
Friedrich Schelling
GWF Hegel
Arthur Schopenhauer
Kierkegaard
Nietsche
Peano
Durkheim
William James
Pareto
Veblen
Contemporary
Husserl
Moore
Otto
Ferdinand Saussure
Dewey
Bertrand Russell
Alfred North Whitehead
Santayana
Heidegger
Godel
Gramsci
Popper
Horney
Gilbert Ryle
Wittgenstein
Ayn Rand
Quine
Chomsky
Derrida
John Searle
John Rawls