1. All require (heat) water to turn turbines
2. Thermal radiation
   1. Emitting radiation
      1. Hotter= More radiation
      2. Colder= Less radiation
   2. Greenhouse effect
      1. Water
      2. Methane
      3. Carbon Dioxide
      4. Long wave length thermal radiation is trapped inside
3. Surface and Radiation
   1. The only one that can travel through space
   2. Best Absorbing
      1. Dark, Matt surfaces
   3. Least Absorbing
      1. Light, Shiny surfaces
4. Conduction
   1. Metals conduct heat better than non metals
   2. Copper is better conductor if heat than steel
   3. Wood conducts heat better than glass
   4. Conduction in metals
      1. Free electrons
5. Convection
   1. Only fluids
      1. Gasses
      2. Liquids
   2. Due to Convection currents within the fluid
   3. Heated particles expand and therefore become less dense and rise
6. Heat Transfer by Design
   1. eg -----> Vacuum flask, car radiator
7. Forms of energy
   1. Chemical energy
   2. Kinetic energy
   3. Gravitational potential energy
   4. Elastic energy
   5. Electrical energy
   6. Thermal (heat) energy
8. Electrical Power
   1. Power= energy transferred (J) time taken (sec)
   2. The energy we supply /sec to a device is the power supplied to it
   3. 1 watt ----> 1 joules/sec
      1. 1 kilowatt------> 1000 joules/sec
9. Using electrical energy
   1. Energy transferred= power of device(kW) x time (hours)
10. The National Grid
    1. Step up transformers
       1. Used to get the voltage up to 132kV (grid voltage)
    2. Step down transformers
       1. Used to get the grid voltage down to 230V
11. Fuel for Electricity
    1. Coal
    2. Oil
    3. Gas fired
    4. Nuclear fusion
    5. Burn fossils to create electricity
12. Power from the Sun and the Earth
    1. Solar cells
    2. Solar heating panels
13. Energy and the environment
    1. Gas---Oil---Coal
14. Energy and Efficiency
    1. Weight is measured in "Newtons"
    2. Energy is measured in "Joules"
    3. Sankey Diagrams
    4. Efficiency
       1. Efficiency= useful energy transferred by device total energy supplied to the device
15. Useful Energy
    1. Useful energy is transferred to where it is wanted and in the form it is wanted
    2. Wasted Energy is energy that is not usefully transferred or transformed
16. Conservation of Energy
    1. Energy can not being created or lost