1. Traditional Methods
   1. Logical frame work
      1. 'log-frames'
      2. ADDIE
      3. GaSADIE: classic log-frames for smaller projects
      4. Note: These methods assume there are pre-defineable goals to projects
      5. BUT: complex scenarios: when client or self doesnt know whats possible: these methods wont work. require a back and forth between client and designer.
2. Agile systems
   1. Outcome mapping
      1. used in place of log frame for big projects
      2. 3 stages, 12 steps
      3. Open this for a map of outcome mapping: http://www.xmind.net/m/RBtQ/
   2. SAM
      1. Used in place od ADDIE for smaller projects
      2. successive approximation model
      3. designs learning events intending to increase performance
      4. for the creation of performance-driven learning
      5. the SAM process focuses on learner experiences, engagement, and motivation over content organization, presentation of info. and info.post tests
         1. Preperation Phase
         2. gather information and get all the background knowledge. This is intended to be a very quick phase.
         3. Iterative Design
         4. the initial collaborative brainstorming meeting that establishes the foundation for a successful project. The Savvy Start focuses primarily on performance and will serve as the project kickoff meeting and the main environment for all project team members to converse. Throughout the Savvy Start and the Iterative Design Phase, your team will be rotating through design, prototype, and review.
         5. Iterative Development
         6. the Iterative Development Phase your team will rotate through development, implementation, and evaluation as well. As the instructional product is being developed, you continually analyze and evaluate, so that at any point if a change needs to occur, it can happen quickly.
3. Whats a project any way? When could I use these methods?
   1. definition 1:
      1. A designed intervention in a system
      2. Donella (Dana) Meadows became aware that there was no systems concepts to hand nor any language to describe the idea of interventions or intervention/leverage points.
      3. she took time out of the group to write up the list shown below. The smaller the number (closer to 1) the more leverage there is when making an intervention at this level. This important list describes, in general (engineering-like) terms, one scheme of identifying the leverage points for intervening in a system, with increasing levels of leverage as the numbers go lower. 12. Numbers: Changing constants and parameters such as subsidies, taxes, and standards 11. Buffers: Changing the sizes of stabilizing stocks relative to their flows 10. Stock-and-Flow Structures: Changing physical systems and their nodes of intersection 9. Delays: Changing the lengths of time of delays relative to the rates of system changes 8. Balancing Feedback Loops: Changing the strength of the feedbacks relative to the impacts they are trying to correct 7. Reinforcing Feedback Loops: Changing the strength of the gain of driving loops 6. Information Flows: Changing the structure of who does and does not have access to information 5. Rules: Changing incentives, punishments, constraints 4. Self-Organization: Opening the power to add, change, or evolve system structure 3. Goals: Moving the purpose or function of the system 2. Paradigms: Altering the mindset out of which the system—its goals, structure, rules, delays, parameters—arises 1. Transcending Paradigms - thinking in entirely different ways
         1. ex: Bill Mollison- going from hiding in the woods to teaching PDC: aka helping people transcend paradigms.
   2. definition 2
      1. According to David Allen a project is anything that takes two or more steps. An action in this context is roughly defined as something you can complete in that short period of time you have before you supposed to be doing something else.
         1. This means the projects might be quite small as well as large and may be quite simple as well as complex. Our notion of project recommends us to the idea that, were we to adequately observe the functioning of the system in question, we might discover that we can create profound changes in the system by making small, simple tweaks at strategic locations. = sounds a lot like permaculture!
   3. definition 3
      1. In Dragon Dreaming, a project is defined as any planned undertaking designed to achieve a goal of specified results within a given time.
         1. For example Dragon Dreaming talks of creating 'song-lines', (inspired by the song-line approach of aboriginal cultures) that link projects and sub-projects into coherent threads that have clear beginnings and endings.
            1. Such a process does exist in more conventional project design approaches and is called 'critical path analysis'.