1. 1. Prophets and Prophetic Books
    1. Contents
      1. Meaning of prophets
        1. Common Meanings
          1. 1. prophetic books of OT
          2. 2.Persons
          3. 3.charism
          4. grace
          5. e.g. moses as prophets
        2. Etymology
          1. Greek
          2. prophêtês
          3. one who speaks in the place or name of someone
          4. Hebrew
          5. nâbî’
          6. prophet
          7. general prophet
          8. Hôzêh
          9. visionary
          10. court prophet
          11. Rô’êh
          12. seer
          13. cult, worship
      2. Place of Prophets in Religion
        1. Jewish
          1. Duhm divided the development of the Israelite religion in 3 phases
          2. moseism
          3. starting point of religion
          4. prophetism
          5. reminds people about previous revelation
          6. judaism
        2. in Xn Tradition
          1. books
          2. this is the law and the prophets
          3. persons
          4. Elijah, jeremiah
          5. charism
          6. e.g. St.John : not just a prophet but more than a prophet
        3. Jewish Scripture
          1. TaNaKa
          2. Torah
          3. pentateuch
          4. Nebiim
          5. former prophets
          6. historical books in Catholic Bible
          7. Isaiah, Jeremiah and Book of 12 (Minor prophets)
          8. Ketubim
          9. writings
          10. Daniel
      3. History of Exegesis of Prophetic Books
        1. at first no problems re authencity
        2. Historico - Critical method
          1. diachronic method
          2. sitz im leben
          3. go through time
          4. go back to the time where the books were written
          5. a bit difficult and problematic
          6. how can you be sure of how the prophets were?
        3. Syncrhronic
          1. summary
          2. textus receptus
          3. reaction to diachronic
        4. Canonical
          1. study from the point of view of the development of the canonical books
          2. how the early Christian communities
          3. may be a bit better
  2. 2. Prophetic Movement, Origin & Development
    1. Contents
      1. prophetic movement
        1. question is
          1. does it exist?
          2. was israel influenced?
        2. answer
          1. does it exist?
          2. Egyptian seems to have a
          3. but....
          4. attached to pharoah
          5. to justify why the pharoah is pharoah
          6. Mesopotamia
          7. Sumer
          8. discovery of mari texts
          9. oracular specialists
          10. places of worship
          11. not attached to court
          12. cf. israel
          13. high moral content
          14. Assyria
          15. divinations
          16. Cana
          17. no oracles
          18. some form of divination
          19. was israel influenced?
          20. vs. Israel
          21. not like it
          22. there were divinations
          23. but this is not main focus in Israel
          24. prophets have eschatologicl end
          25. but not the main point
          26. prophetism like that of Israel does not have similarily
          27. there may have been influences
          28. but not substantial
          29. premise
          30. Israel was dealing with one God
      2. History of PROPHETISM according to Biblical data
        1. Divided into 4 periods
          1. Before Samuel / David
          2. no prophets before Samuel
          3. but there were prophetic charisms already
          4. God referred to Abraham regarded as prophet
          5. prophet as one who has a deep relationship with God
          6. Moses
          7. prototype of prophet
          8. he saw God face to face
          9. Miriam
          10. a prophetess
          11. talks about the greatness of God in a hymn
          12. Samuel to Monarchy
          13. Golden age of prophecy
          14. David
          15. court prophets
          16. Gad
          17. seer of david
          18. defend vs. saul
          19. vs ambition
          20. where to build temple
          21. counsellor of the King
          22. Nathan
          23. promised successor Messiah
          24. comdemned sin vs. Uriah
          25. access to throne of Solomon
          26. kingdom split
          27. north
          28. most of the prophets
          29. south
          30. davidic line
          31. Monarchy to Amos
          32. Amos to rest of Prophets
          33. Amos
          34. Hosea
          35. Isiah
          36. Micah
          37. Habbakuk
          38. Jeremiah
          39. Ezekiel
  3. 3. Prophecy in the Bible
    1. Contents
      1. offices
        1. kings
          1. govt
          2. subject to usurpation
          3. not by calling of God
        2. priests
          1. worship
          2. tribe of Levite
          3. family of Aaron
        3. prophets
          1. wrt kings, priests
          2. relates to both
          3. situated on higher plane
          4. Calling by God is emphasized
          5. higher than kings and priests
          6. proclaim message that embraces the whole life of the people
          7. no one wants to be a prophet
          8. because of opposition
          9. literary genre of vocation
          10. main blocks
          11. Amos, Hosea, Jeremiah
          12. Similar to Moses and Gideon
          13. Extensively wrote about their calling
          14. Elements
          15. Eruption
          16. All of a sudden God enters their life
          17. Proposal of the mission, introductory discourse
          18. God tells him what he wants
          19. God prepares him for a mission
          20. Concrete mission
          21. Objection, Excuses: presenting dificulties
          22. Divine Confirmation
          23. I will be with you
          24. Sign to confirm the mission
          25. Isaiah and Ezekiel
          26. Did not write about the caling
          27. God entered in the context of Worship/Liturgy
          28. No manifest objection
          29. Command and concrete assignment
      2. 4 Elements of Prophets
        1. Diversity of personality and circumstances
        2. Imperative character of the vocation
          1. they were convinced they were called by God
        3. Character of dialogue of prophecy
          1. there's dialogue between the prophet and God
        4. Freedom of the Prophet
          1. he is free
          2. passes judgement to priests, kings, people
        5. Experience with God which they relate to the others
          1. Not considered mystics
      3. Prophetic Charism
        1. grace gratis datae
          1. given gratuitously
        2. it does not depend on the natural qualities of man
        3. Word and Spirit of God
          1. A person who speak moved by the Holy Spirit
          2. St.Peter
          3. A person who knows he is called by God
          4. speaks in God's stead
          5. Formula
          6. Thus says the Lord
          7. Oracle of the Lord
          8. Hear the word of the Lord
          9. combination of messenger and herald
          10. different from Biblical Inspiration
          11. A prophet transmits the word of God orally or through external signs
          12. Under the motion of the Holy Spirit
          13. on the prophet
          14. on the people
          15. composition on the sacred books
      4. Prophetic Transmission
        1. transmit God's word to the Chosen People
          1. Politics
          2. doesn't appear in Scriptures
          3. Polt inst as instruments of God's plans
          4. Kings were not acting according to what God has asked them
          5. Worship
          6. it seems that prophets speak against organized worship
          7. promotes intimate religiosity
          8. they were vs. priests' abuses
          9. they spoke vs. external forms of worship
          10. Social Relations
          11. social justice
          12. they denounce sin against God in terms of injustice against man
          13. Subtopic 3
      5. Major and Minor
        1. Christian classification
          1. Major
          2. Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Daniel
          3. Minor
        2. for the Jews
          1. Former
          2. Latter
  4. 4. Prophetic Expression
    1. written text is not the orig one from the prophets
    2. modes of speaking of the prophets
      1. style is messenger mixed with herald
      2. formulas
        1. Thus says the Lord
        2. Behold I
      3. oracle
        1. in the name of God
        2. 2 possibilities
          1. condemnation
          2. promise of salvation
        3. normally addressed to all people
          1. but there also individual oracles
        4. 5 types
          1. vs. Individual
          2. oldest, brief, direct style
          3. Structure
          4. appeal, accusation, prediction of punishment
          5. Example
          6. Amos vs. Amazia
          7. Amazia served at court of Jeroboam
          8. Judah, northern kingdom
          9. vs. Nation
          10. vs. Israel
          11. Foreign lands
          12. Structure
          13. long narration of punishable deeds
          14. bad needs, contrasted with good deeds of Adunai
          15. exhortation
          16. change!
          17. style of lament
          18. prediction of punishment
          19. if you dont change...
          20. divine sentence
          21. sometimes ends in promise of salvation
          22. Example
          23. Hosea
          24. Lamentation or Woes
          25. written in past tense but refer to future events
          26. Oracles of Salvation
          27. many during the exile
          28. to encourage them
          29. Structure
          30. Greeting
          31. Words of Encouragement
          32. Fear not...
          33. Message of Salvation
          34. Concusion in favor of the people or against the enemies
          35. Final REsolve
          36. Example
          37. Isaiah 41:8 ff
          38. messianic prophecy
          39. Judicial oracles
          40. aka oracles of dispute
          41. like in a case
      4. prophetic narrations
        1. Example
          1. Jeremiah
          2. figure of OLord
        2. types
          1. of vocation
          2. of vision
          3. of dreams
          4. biographical narratives
      5. Hymns
      6. Confessions
      7. Parables
      8. Symbolic Actions
        1. transmit message by
          1. word
          2. shout
          3. signs, gestures
  5. 5.Composition of Books
    1. Prophetic literature
      1. Most books are written by 2nd c BC
        1. Time of Septuagint
      2. action of HSp also in redction of books
      3. by the time of Christ these books are already accepted
  6. 6.Doctrine of the Prophets
    1. main themes
      1. monotheism
        1. not monolatry
          1. several gods but they choose a "best god"
        2. 1.God is absolute sovereign of history
          1. of all creation
          2. makes himself known in history
          3. events in history can be explained by GOd
        3. 2.God has a special relationship with Israel
          1. reflected in Covenant
          2. gift of God
          3. not bilateral
        4. 3.God is holy
        5. 4.punishment
          1. vs. NT's: love, understanding, mercy?
          2. but he says: I fyou dont change I have no choice but to punish
      2. messianism
        1. many prophets were contemporaries with the Psalms
          1. written during the exile
          2. prophets are impt during exile
        2. Isiah
          1. messiah will come from line of Dvid
          2. Kingly messiah
          3. his kingdom will have no end
          4. messiah will come from the Jesse
      3. social and moral doctine
        1. esp. justice
        2. care for widows