1. The Company becomes the Diwan
   1. Revenue for the company
      1. before 1865-purchased goods in india-imported gold,silver from -britain
      2. in 1770-famine in bengal-1 million dead-one-third population,wiped
   2. The need to improve agriculture
      1. 1793-Permanant Settlement introduced
      2. Charles Cornwallis-governor general-india-during permanant settlement
      3. rajas and taluqdars--called zamindars-settlement
   3. The problem
      1. permanant settlement created problems
         1. lot of zamindaris sold-auctions
   4. A new system
      1. early 19 century-company officials start new system of revenue
      2. in 1822-englishman Holt Mackenzie started new system in north-west bengal presidency
      3. collection of revenue and payment to the village headman-called mahalwari system
   5. The Munro system
      1. in british territories-same ideas of permanent settlement
         1. it was called ryotwar(ryotwari)
      2. 1819-1826-Thomas Munro-governor of Madras
      3. tried on small scale-Captain Alexander Read in areas where he fought with Tipu Sultan
   6. All was not well
      1. few years after,new systems imposed-all not well with them
2. Crops for Europe
   1. history of colour
      1. Kalamkari print of andhra pradesh,India
      2. William Morris-floral cotton print--famous poet,artist-19 century-englishman
   2. indigo
      1. India, the biggest producer of indigo at that time
      2. what?
         1. it is a blue dye extracted from the indigo plant
         2. it was used in both of the famous cotton prints
      3. why and where demand?
         1. it grows in tropics
         2. in 13 century-indian indigo-used by cloth manufacturers-italy,france,britain to dye cloth
         3. Indigo plantations came up well in many parts of North America
         4. 1783-1789-production of indigo-fell into half-left with no plantation of indigo anywhere
      4. how?
         1. production
            1. women carry indigo to vats(storage vessels)
            2. stir the solution with vat-beater(device)
            3. soaked in warm water(steeper vat)
            4. solution turns green and blue-lime water to be added to it
            5. indigo seperated-muddy sediment at bottom-clear liquid on top
            6. liquid is drained off-sediment is indigo pulp
            7. transferred to another vat(settling vat)-pressed and dried for sale
         2. cultivation
            1. two main methods
            2. nij system
            3. indigo produced in directly controlled lands
            4. ryoti system
            5. 75 percent of cultivation is done in this method
   3. britain turns to india
      1. 1789-europe suffers indigo loss-turns to india
      2. 1788-only 30 percent of indigo was exported-1810, 95 percent was exported-drastic increase
   4. problem with Nij cultivation
      1. planters found it tough to expand under this cultivation
      2. led to conflicts and tension
      3. one Bigha (a unit of land) of indigo cultivation=2 ploughs.1000 bighas=2000 ploughs-big problem
      4. due to problem-only 25 percent cultivation is done in this method
   5. indigo--land of ryots
      1. under this system-planters forced to sign contract(satta)
      2. this system acted as a good help to the people
3. The Blue Rebellion and After
   1. March,1859-Bengalis refused to grow indigo
   2. there were a lot of combats and rebellions between the people