Assumptions
People are all interdependent
People are interconnected
Connections have real consequences
Connections can be structured to optimize outcomes
Individual
Group
Organizational
Effective method
Diagnostic of the group
Organisation silos
Hidden connections
How work gets done
Networked organization
Structure of social relationships
Unconver informal connections
Potential outcomes
Job performance
Job satisfaction
Adoption of new ideas
Adoption of new technologies
Likelihood of information getting shared
Creation of new ideas
Improve
Flow of information
Flow of knowledge
Decisions
Restructuring organizational charts
IMplementing new processes
Fields
Organizational behavior
Anthropology
Socilogy
Medicine
Reveal the social network
Matrix
Pairs of people
Interactions
Existence
Type
Quality
Sources to measure relationships
Surveys
email echanges
Direct observations of group interaction
Billabe hours
Professional citations
Corporate board interlocks
Consulting contracts
Package transmission
Charitable donations
To consider
People
Places
Things
Network
Linking
People linked
Nodes
People
Matehmatical properties
Centrality
Number of people attached to each person
Betweeness
A broker of information
He connects people with others
Closeness
Density
Actual ties
Potential ties
Cohesion
Average distance
Subgroup identification
Highly segregated groups?
To reveal
Awareness
Trust
Communication
Groups
Patterns of interactions
Decision-making
Concepts
Centrality
Degree
Betweenness
Closeness centrality
Density
Social capital
Potential or actual resources
Interpersonal relationships
Being able to get favors granted
Getting rapid response to request
Having access to influential people
Comes from
Dense network of strong support
Being in a privileged role
Structural holes
Relationship with someone who is connected to a separate cluster
Has no other direct or indirect connection with the people in that cluster
Broker between unconnected groups
Brokerage
Connects two othersie unconnected people
Main elements
A group
Determine the group under study
Individual members
Interactions
Relationship between actors
Nature of the relationships
Communication patterns
Links or ties between people
Pattern of interaction
Attributes
Systematic factors
Ethnivicity
Gender
Affirmative actions
Geographic region
Level of seniority
How long the have been with the company
Ties
Shows
Who is connected to whom
Who is central in the group
Relationship
Strength
Strong
Frequent interaction
Feelings of closeness
Multiple types of relationships
Energy to maintain
Same set of people
Limit access to new information
Weak
Easier to maintain
There are many
Critical for innovation
New sources of information
Direction
Reciprocated ties
Stronger
Non reciprocated ties
Type
Direct
Central people
More influence on the network
Better performance review
More satisfied
Indirect
Friend of friend
Number of connections to reach someone
Flow of information
Opportunities in the network
Are reciprocal?
Directionality
What can a tie indicate?
From a person
Likes
Trusts
Respects
Reports to
Communicates with
From relationships
Sells to
Buys from
Delivers to
Contracts with
Collaborates with