1. Waste Management
    1. Needle Disposal
      1. Topic
      2. - Cambodia do not dispose of needles correctly
      3. - Solution is to come up with environmentally friendly, disposable needles.
      4. - Needles to be stored in "safe box" which will allow the needles to be disposed of safely.
      5. - This solution was later ignored due to the fact that it was already implimented and designed to its maximum efficiency
    2. Everyday Rubbish
      1. - Virtually no waste management in Cambodia
      2. - All solid and liquid wastes are disposed of in the lake
      3. - The community indicate that they are concerned about dumping waste directly into the lake
    3. Issues Related to Mekong River
      1. - Mekong river over flows into the Tonle Sap
      2. - Any chemicals and waste that are in the Mekong River, flow into the Tonle Sap
      3. - Chemicals and pesticides end up in the lake, where some are trapped in plants
      4. - Solution to place some sort of filtering system for the Mekong Rivers overflow into the Tonle Sap?
  2. Transport
    1. Transport Issues
      1. - Roads in Cambodia are generally in poor condition and many roads are cut off during the rainy season
      2. - Permanently stilted buildings in the floodplain are often only accessible by boat during the rainy season and by road when the water recedes
      3. - On land, individual transport is usually done by bicycle, motorcycle or car.
      4. - In the floating communities, transport options include manually powered floating vessels and diesel powered boats, in all shapes and sizes.
      5. - On average, rural Cambodians living around the Tonle Sap are 4 km away from the nearest allweather road, 10 km from the nearest permanent market and 2.4 km away from the nearest primary school.
    2. Solutions To Transport Issues
      1. - Bicycle powered boats, easier to power than hand paddled boats. More efficient and easier to travel far distances.
      2. - Improve road infrastruture, this will make it easier to travel to and from places
      3. - Bridges between important floating areas and land. Ie schools, caring facilites. This wil make it easier for children, elderly and sick people to move around the lake.
  3. Energy
    1. Energy Issues
      1. - In Cambodia, the power grid reaches only 12% of Cambodian households
      2. - Outside the range of the grid, electricity is provided by small diesel generators that can be used directly or to recharge 12 V batteries
      3. - More than 80% of Cambodia’s total energy supply comes from wood and charcoal
    2. Solutions to Energy Issues
      1. - Use turbine to create energy from water flow
      2. - Solar energy to use sunlight to power small devices
      3. - Bio-mass, produces energy from waste products and human excretion.
  4. Water and Sanitation
    1. Sanitation
      1. - Only 16% of Cambodians have access to appropriate sanitation.
    2. Topic
      1. - All liquid and solid waste is also discharged into the lake, including open sewage, solid waste, toxic pesticides and chemicals.
      2. - Bacterial levels around floating houses are up to ten times higher than in surrounding lake areas.
      3. - Lack of sanitation in schools, particularly high schools, is considered to be a major cause of girls dropping out of schools due to an inability to safely and privately manage their sanitation needs including menstrual hygiene.
    3. Solution to Sanitation Issue
      1. - Floating Toilets. Contains two storage tanks for which can hold up to 2 months of human excretion.
      2. - These tanks are then emptied after the excretion has dried up and is easy to dispose of on land or somewhere evironmentally friendly.
      3. - Provide households with water filtration systems made from ceramic, which will filter out the water over a period of time.
      4. - Improve the drainage system in each house hold to improve sanitation standards.
  5. Housing and Built Infrastructure
    1. Housing Issues
      1. - In Cambodia, a mean number of 5.1 people live in each household
      2. - housing construction can range from wood with cement stilts to bamboo and palm leaves depending on the family’s income.
      3. - Typically, there are three categories of buildings: stilted, portable land based and floating.
      4. - Stilted: are permanent and are typically raised up to five metres from the ground. During the wet season, the stilted buildings are surrounded by water and during the dry season, they become land based.
      5. - Portable: typically raised on stilts one foot above the ground and are carried across the land as the lake water level rises and falls.
      6. - Floating buildings and boats are permanently on the water and move seasonally with the height of the lake. Buoyancy devices typically used for floating buildings consist of bamboo sticks, empty steel drums or plastic barrels.
    2. Solution to Housing Issues
      1. - Create a strong foundation for lots of housing
      2. - Improve the design for homes to with stand the Tonle Sap low and high tides.
      3. - Improve Buoyancy on boats to withstand time and also require less maintenance.