1. Surgery
   1. Orthopedics
      1. Clincal Examination
         1. History
            1. Pain
            2. When, where, character, iradiation, aleviation, worsening, position
            3. Dysfunction
            4. What can you no longer do?
            5. Deformity
         2. Exam according to Alan Graham Apley
            1. Look
            2. Skin
            3. bruises, wounds = recent inury
            4. Rubor, tumor, calor, dolor = inflammation
            5. loss of sweating = nerve damage
            6. scars = archeology of superficial injury
            7. Soft Tissue
            8. tumor, calor rubor, dolor = inflammation
            9. wasting = disuse and nerve damage
            10. Bone
            11. Deformity - unusual angles or joings held in unusual positions
            12. Feel
            13. Skin
            14. Temperature
            15. Cold = vascular damage
            16. Warm = inflammation
            17. Sensation
            18. pain and temperature
            19. vibration and tactile
            20. Soft Tissue
            21. Tenderness
            22. subcutaneous fat
            23. bursae
            24. muscle
            25. tendon
            26. nerve
            27. artery
            28. ligaments
            29. Lumps and effusions
            30. "SWELLING"
            31. Start
            32. trauma
            33. acute
            34. chronic
            35. Where
            36. anatomical site
            37. tissue site-skin, fat, muscle?
            38. does it move in relation to these?
            39. External features
            40. Size
            41. Surface
            42. Margins
            43. Lymph nodes
            44. local adenopathy?
            45. Liquid
            46. transillumination
            47. Internal features
            48. is it tender?
            49. is it soft or hard?
            50. Auscultate
            51. Thrill
            52. Bruit
            53. Crepitus?
            54. General
            55. Other lumps and general health?
            56. Distal circulation
            57. Peripheral pulses
            58. feel for pulse elsewhere at the same time
            59. Cappillary filling
            60. Bone
            61. bone outlines and joint margins should both be felt
            62. tenderness
            63. steps
            64. lumps
            65. Decide what structures are tender, swollen, wasted, displaced, is there sensation, circulation
            66. Move
            67. Active
            68. Patient moves joints on his own withing his/her limits of pain
            69. Passive
            70. Watch the patient's face for grimace
            71. Stability
            72. Dynamic
            73. Provided by muscle power
            74. this is done against resistance - try to figure out the muscle group, nerve supply, nerve roots
            75. Static
            76. Provided by ligaments and intact joint surfaces
            77. Joint should be gently stretched in each direction of ligament control while watching for grimace
      2. Fractures and Dislocations.doc
         1. Upper limb
            1. Examination and Pathology
            2. Shoulder Examination
            3. Look
            4. Skin
            5. Soft tissue
            6. Bone
            7. Feel
            8. Epaulette sign
            9. If localized to the shoulder
            10. Acromioclavicular joint
            11. Rotator cuff
            12. Subacromial bursa
            13. glenohumeral joint
            14. Skin
            15. Soft tissue
            16. Bone
            17. Move
            18. Active
            19. Passive
            20. Stability
            21. Thumb down test
            22. Aprehension sign
            23. Sulcus test
            24. Anatomy
            25. Pathology
            26. Congenital abnormalities
            27. Sprengel deformity
            28. Acquired conditions
            29. Shoulder Pain
            30. Stiff Shoulder
            31. Calcific tendonitis
            32. Fractures of Shoulder in Adult
            33. Clavicle fractures
            34. Acromioclavicular injuries
            35. Scapular fractures
            36. Dislocations of glenohumeral joint
            37. Arthritis
            38. Rupture of biceps
            39. Instability of glenohumeral joint
            40. Elbow examination
            41. Look
            42. Skin
            43. Soft tissue
            44. Bone
            45. Feel
            46. Skin
            47. Soft tissue
            48. Bone
            49. Move
            50. Active
            51. Passive
            52. Stability
            53. Anatomy
            54. Pathology
            55. Tennis elbow
            56. Golf elbow
            57. Arthritis
            58. Loose bodies
            59. Osteochondritis dissecans
            60. Ulner nerve compression
            61. Infections of upper limb
            62. Osteomyelitis
            63. Septic arthritis
            64. Tuberculosis
            65. Tumors of the upper limb
            66. Fractures and Dislocation of Elbow, Humerus, Forearm
            67. Olecranon fractures
            68. Monteggia fracture
            69. Medial humeral condyle fracture
            70. Proximal humeral fractures
            71. Distal humeral fractures
            72. Coronoid fracture
            73. Humeral shaft fractures
            74. Elbow dislocations
            75. Forearm fractures
            76. Olecranon fractures
            77. Radial head fractures
            78. Avulsions of greater tuberosity
            79. Lateral humeral condyle fracture
            80. Inflammation of Elbow, Humerus, Forearm
            81. Lateral epicondylitis
            82. Floating elbow
            83. Medial epicondylitis
            84. Olecranon bursitis
            85. Cubital tunnel Syndrome
            86. Fractures and dislocations of upper limb in Children
            87. Ossification
            88. General principles
            89. Specific injuries
            90. Sternoclavicular joint
            91. Clavicle fractures
            92. Acromioclavicular joint
            93. Scapular fractures
            94. Dislocation of glenohumeral joint
            95. Proximal humerus
            96. Metaphyseal fractures
            97. Humeral shaft fractures
            98. Supracondylar fractures of humerus
            99. Condylar and epicondylar fractures
            100. Lateral condyle
            101. Medial condyle
            102. lateral epicondyle
            103. T-intercondylar
            104. Elbow dislocation
            105. Proximal radius fractures
            106. Olecranon fractures
            107. Forearm fractures
            108. Monteggia fracture
            109. Galeazzi fracture
         2. Wrist and Hand
            1. Wrist and Hand examination
            2. Wrist
            3. Look
            4. Skin
            5. Soft tissue
            6. Bone
            7. Feel
            8. Skin
            9. Soft tissue
            10. Bone
            11. Move
            12. Active
            13. Passive
            14. Stability
            15. Anatomy
            16. Pathology
            17. Hand
            18. Look
            19. Skin
            20. Soft tissue
            21. Bone
            22. Feel
            23. Skin
            24. Soft tissue
            25. Bone
            26. Move
            27. Active
            28. Passive
            29. Stability
            30. Anatomy
            31. Pathology
         3. Pelvis and acetabular injury
            1. Hip examination
            2. Look
            3. Skin
            4. Soft tissue
            5. Bone
            6. Feel
            7. Skin
            8. Soft tissue
            9. Bone
            10. Move
            11. Active
            12. Passive
            13. Stability
         4. Lower limb
            1. Lower limb and gait examination
            2. Ask Pt to walk and observe gait for any limping
            3. "LIMPS"
            4. Long
            5. if one limb is shorter than the other, the patient bobs up and down but cadance (rhythm) is normal
            6. Incoordinated
            7. Alexander McNeil described walking as "controlled falling"
            8. "uncontrolled falling"
            9. Muscle Weakness
            10. Hip (Trendelenburg gaint)
            11. Knee
            12. Ankle
            13. Painful limp ( antalgic gait)
            14. Stiff limp
            15. Hip
            16. Knee
            17. Ankle
            18. Knee examination
            19. Look
            20. Skin
            21. Soft tissue
            22. Bone
            23. Feel
            24. Skin
            25. Soft tissue
            26. Effusion?
            27. Stroke test
            28. Bakery's cyst
            29. Bone
            30. Move
            31. Active
            32. Flexion
            33. Extension
            34. Passive
            35. Flexion
            36. Extension
            37. Lag test
            38. Stability
            39. Collateral ligaments
            40. Cruciate ligaments
            41. Pivot shift test
            42. Patella apprehension test
            43. Proximal femural fractures
            44. Intrascapular fractures
            45. Extrascapular fractures
            46. Subtrochanteric fractures
            47. Hip dislocations
            48. Femoral head fractures
            49. Femoral Shaft fractures
            50. Pathological fractures
            51. Fractures around prostheses of hip or knee
            52. Fractures around the knee
            53. Supracondylar fractures
            54. Intra-articular T or Y fractures
            55. Tibial plateau fractures
            56. Proximal metaphyseal fractures
            57. Dislocation of the knee
            58. Arthritis of hip and knee
            59. Tibial fractures
            60. Compartment syndrome
            61. Open fractures
            62. Ankle injuries
            63. Amputation
         5. Foot
            1. Foot and ankle examination
            2. Look
            3. Skin
            4. Soft tissue
            5. Bone
            6. Claw toes
            7. Hammer toes
            8. Feel
            9. Skin
            10. Inflammation
            11. Sensation
            12. Soft tissue
            13. Pulses
            14. Tenderness
            15. Bone
            16. Tenderness
            17. Move
            18. Active
            19. Windlass test
            20. Other movements
            21. Passive
            22. Apley test
            23. Stability
            24. Simmond's test
            25. Rezistance
            26. Anatomy of the foot
            27. Anatomy of the foot
            28. Foot and ankle pathology
            29. Foot and ankle anatomy
         6. Spine
            1. Spine examination
            2. Lumbar
            3. Look
            4. Skin
            5. Soft tissue
            6. Bone
            7. Feel
            8. Skin
            9. Soft tissue
            10. Bone
            11. Move
            12. Active
            13. Passive
            14. Stability
            15. Thoracic
            16. Look
            17. Skin
            18. Soft tissue
            19. Bone
            20. Feel
            21. Skin
            22. Soft tissue
            23. Bone
            24. Move
            25. Active
            26. Passive
            27. Stability
            28. Cervical
            29. Look
            30. Skin
            31. Soft tissue
            32. Bone
            33. Feel
            34. Skin
            35. Soft tissue
            36. Bone
            37. Move
            38. Active
            39. Passive
            40. Stability
         7. Sports medicine
      3. Diseases of Bones and Joints
         1. Congenital
            1. Chondrodysplasias
            2. Achondroplasia
            3. Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia
            4. Pseudoachondroplasia
            5. Diastrophic dysplasia
            6. Ehlers Danlos syndrome
            7. Marfan's syndrome
            8. Bone
            9. Osteogenesis imperfecta
            10. Osteopetrosis
            11. Hypophosphatasia
         2. Acquired
            1. Inflammatory arthritis
            2. Osteoarthritis
            3. Crystal arthropathies
            4. Infection
            5. Bone Tumors
            6. Metabolic bone disease
            7. Osteoporosis
            8. Paget's
            9. Ca metabolism
            10. Renal bone disease
            11. Hyperparathyroidism
      4. Pediatric orthopedics
      5. Trauma
      6. Mechanics of bones and muscles
   2. General Surgery
      1. Oral Cavity
      2. Esophagus
         1. Embryology of Esophagus
            1. Embryology of Esophagus.doc
         2. Surgical Anatomy of the Esophagus
         3. Physiology of the Esophagus
         4. Assessment of Esophageal Function
         5. Pathology, Surgery, Semiology of the Esophagus.doc
            1. Signs and symptoms
            2. Clinical Esophageal syndrome.doc
            3. Congenital Anomalies
            4. TE fistulas.doc
            5. Rings and webs.doc
            6. Diverticula.doc
            7. Motor dysfunction
            8. Primary esophageal
            9. Diffuse/segmental esophageal spasm
            10. Nutcracker esophagus
            11. Hypertensive LES
            12. Nonspecific disorders
            13. Diverticula
            14. Esophageal stenosis
            15. Achalasia.doc
            16. Secondary esophageal
            17. Collagen vascular
            18. Scleroderma
            19. CREST/PSS
            20. polymyositis
            21. dermatomyositis
            22. SLE, etc
            23. chronic intestinal pseudoobstruction
            24. neuromuscular disease
            25. endocrine
            26. metastatic
            27. Esophageal Neoplasms.doc
            28. Hiatal Hernias.doc
            29. Esophagitis.doc
            30. Reflux esophagitis
            31. GERD
            32. Barrett's Esophagus
            33. Eosinophilic Esophagitis
            34. Infective Esophagitis
            35. Chemical Esophagitis
            36. Esophagitis of systemic illness
            37. Iatrogenic
            38. Esophageal Trauma.doc
            39. Esophageal Varices
      3. Stomach
      4. Duodenum
      5. Liver
      6. Spleen
      7. Gallbladder and bile ducts
      8. Peritoneum, Omentum, mesentery, retroperitoneum
      9. small intestine and large intestine
      10. intestinal obstruction
      11. Vermiform appendix
      12. Rectum
      13. Anus and anal canal
      14. Hernias, umbilicus and abdominal wall
      15. Urinary tract
      16. Kidney and ureters
      17. Bladder
      18. Prostate and seminal vesicles
      19. The urethra and penis
      20. Testis and scrotum
   3. Pediatric Surgery
   4. Otorinolaringology
      1. Clinical exam
         1. Eye
         2. Smell
         3. Taste
         4. Hearing
         5. Upper Respiratory tract
         6. Oral manifestations of disease
      2. Surgery
         1. Eye and Orbit
         2. Maxilofacial injuries
         3. Cleft lip and palate, face, mouth, jaw abnormalities
         4. Nose and sinuses
         5. Ear
         6. Oral and oropharyngeal cancer
         7. Salivary glands
         8. Pharynx, larynx, neck
         9. Thyroid gland and thyroglossal tract
         10. Parathyroid and adrenal gland
      3. HEENT signs and symptoms
         1. Eye
         2. Smell
         3. Taste
         4. Hearing
         5. Upper Respiratory tract
         6. Oral manifestations of disease
   5. Plastic Surgery
   6. Ophthalmology
   7. Thoracic Surgery
      1. Breast surgery
   8. neurosurgery
   9. transplantation
   10. Urology
   11. Cardiac and vascular surgery
       1. CHF
       2. Cardiac Surgery
       3. Arterial Disorders
       4. Venous Disorders
       5. Lymphedema