1. Abolitionists
   1. Worldviews
      1. Animals have basic right not to be treated as the property of others
      2. Recognising sentience
      3. Reject speciesism
   2. Aims (Functions)
      1. To abolish institutionalised animal exploitation
      2. To abolish property status of animals
   3. Strategies (Systems)
      1. Conversion strategy
      2. Paradigm shift
   4. Elements
      1. Organisational style
         1. Rejecting non-profits/reformist organisations
         2. Grassroots movement
         3. Lots of individuals & small groups that feel affinity with abolitionist agenda
      2. Values
         1. Nonviolent vegan advocacy
         2. Regards veganism as the moral baseline
      3. Tactics
         1. Converting people to veganism via
            1. Articles/websites/blogs/publications
            2. Other public events
         2. Organising marches against speciesism or the abolition of meat
         3. Reject nearly all other tactics as reformist
      4. Key People
         1. Gary L. Francione
         2. The Abolitionist Magazine
      5. Key organisations
         1. Abolitionist Vegan Society
         2. abolitionistapproach.com
      6. Premises
         1. Animal farming constitutes 99% of injustice, therefore biggest focus should be on this
         2. Nonviolence
   5. Context in Field
      1. History/foundations
         1. Writing of Gary L. Francione and other academics
      2. Relationships to power
         1. Little or no mention of capitalism or other power structures that perpetuate speciesism
         2. Not seeking structural change other than eradication of speciesism
      3. Relationship to others in the movement
         1. Contest effectiveness of single issue campaigns
            1. Legitimisation of animal slavery/property status of animals
         2. Reject that people should use tactics which reinforce paradigm that animals are property
      4. Achievements/yields
         1. Few actual gains for animals/strategy is to build to tipping point
         2. Many articles/websites
      5. Repression
         1. Reject demonstrations/confrontations with power so repression unlikely
         2. Potential media backlash
      6. Limiting factors
         1. Extremely poor observations of power
         2. Pacifist dogma
         3. Lack of organising experience/real gains
         4. Extremely long term strategy
         5. Little historical evidence of the effectiveness of conversion strategy
      7. Oppressive dynamics
         1. Moralist/purist attitudes around veganism
            1. Lack of awareness of privilege
            2. Colonialism
2. Animal Liberation Front/Militant Direct Action
   1. Worldviews
      1. Governments won't liberate animals
      2. "Animal abusers" won't change behaviour without force
      3. Public/reformist groups are ineffective
   2. Aims (Functions)
      1. Animal liberation
   3. Strategies (Systems)
      1. 1. To liberate animals from places of abuse like laboratories, factory farms, fur farms, etc., and place them in good homes where they may live out their natural lives, free from suffering.
      2. 2. To inflict economic damage to those who profit from the misery and exploitation of animals.
      3. 3. To reveal the horror and atrocities committed against animals behind locked doors, by performing direct actions and liberations.
      4. 4. To take all necessary precautions against harming any animal, human and non-human.
      5. 5. Any group of people who are vegetarians or vegans and who carry out actions according to these guidelines have the right to regard themselves as part of the Animal Liberation Front.
   4. Elements
      1. Organisational style
         1. Small, autonomous, anonymous cells
      2. Values
         1. Respect for life/minimum harm
         2. Non violence trends
         3. Pro-violence trends
      3. Tactics
         1. Criminal damage/sabotage
            1. Smashing windows
            2. Hunting towers/traps/equipment
            3. Arson
            4. Home attacks e.g. spraypaint
            5. Vehicles
            6. Sites of animal abuse e.g. labs
         2. Liberations of animals
            1. Rehoming
            2. Wild e.g. deer, boar, mink
         3. Psychological intimidation
            1. Bomb threats
            2. Grave digging
            3. Threatening phone calls/harrassment
            4. Public humiliation
      4. Key People/Publications
         1. Behind the Mask, Keith Mann
         2. Arkangel Magazine
         3. Ronnie Lee (Historically)
         4. Mel Arnold & past prisoners
      5. Key organisations
         1. Animal Liberation Front Supporters Group (prisoner support)
         2. Groups with autonomous cells undertaking direct action
            1. ALF
            2. ELF (Earth Liberation Front)
            3. Animal Rights Militia
            4. Hunt Retribution Squad
         3. Bite Back
         4. ALF Press Office (US)
      6. Premises
         1. Animal Liberation will be achieved when the detriments to animal abusers outweigh the benefits…
         2. 'By any means necessary'
   5. Context in Field
      1. History/foundations
         1. Founded 1976
         2. Spread globally
      2. Relationships to power
         1. Confrontational
         2. Not revolutionary, but militantly active
      3. Relationship to others in the movement
         1. Beneficial relationships with grassroots groups
            1. Joint targeting
         2. Disliked by liberals
            1. Blame for repression
            2. Blame for 'putting off' general public
      4. Achievements/yields
         1. Thousands of animals liberated
         2. Industries destroyed e.g. fur
         3. Increased power of aboveground campaigns e.g. vivisection
      5. Repression
         1. Prison sentences inevitable for actions
         2. Harder to repress
      6. Limiting factors
         1. Actions only going to be taken by small minority of people
         2. Anonyminity required limits growth of movement
      7. Oppressive dynamics
         1. Able bodied privilege
         2. Often 'heroic'
         3. Male spokesmen/invisble female labour
         4. Vanguardist trends
3. Anarchist
   1. Worldviews
      1. Solidarity with nonhumans
   2. Aims (Functions)
      1. To abolish Capitalism and all oppression to create a free and equal society
   3. Strategies (Systems)
      1. Destroy the system that forces the consumer-product relationship upon us
      2. Engage in daily acts of resistance
      3. Attack the institutions that dominate us all
      4. Create opportunities for real-needs orientated, collective, horizontal forms of organising to meet our own needs
   4. Elements
      1. Organisational style
         1. Horizontal
         2. Some federations/more formal
         3. Informal
         4. Collective
         5. Affinity groups
         6. Community organising/class struggle
      2. Values
         1. Insurrectionist - no ideology needed to guide revolt
         2. Rejectionism of moralism
            1. Restrictive personal beliefs, black/white thinking
            2. Vs living by desires
         3. Rejection of representation
         4. Rejection of systemic violence, not violence per se
            1. Rejection of nonviolent ideologies
         5. Worldviews around class/gender/race/all forms of oppression
      3. Tactics
         1. Embrace diversity
         2. Organising
            1. Groups
            2. Movements
            3. Class struggle
         3. Attack
            1. Sabotage
            2. Insurrection
            3. Assasinations
            4. Revolutions
         4. Rejection
            1. Voting/parliamentary change/lobbying
            2. Reformist reforms
      4. Key People/Publications
         1. Making a killing, Bob Torres
         2. Brian A. Dominick, Animal Liberation and Social Revolution
         3. Beasts of Burden
         4. Red, black & green blog
         5. Josh Harper
         6. Marius Mason
      5. Key organisations
         1. Few focused on animal liberation
         2. Groups that embrace intersectionality
            1. Resistance Ecology (US)
            2. Bunny Alliance
            3. Radical smaller groups
            4. Canadian Animal Liberation Movement (CALM)
      6. Premises
         1. 'Ethical consumerism’ does not challenge the exploitation inherent within the system and the power imbalances it develops.
         2. It is not specific institutions that maintain dominance over animals (the meat industry, the vivi- section industry, the entertainment industry, etc.) but a network of institutions (including the state, the economy, religion, the family, etc.) that dominate us all (human and nonhuman)
         3. By continuing to focus on the behavior rather than the institutions that force the social roles upon us they fail to challenge domination in its totality
         4. Rights are created by the capitalist elite for the capitalist elite
         5. Any rights that have been granted by the state have been awarded only because it is in their interest
         6. A project of liberation cannot use or advocate for state-approved methods of revolt because doing so only strengthens the state’s power.
   5. Context in Field
      1. History/foundations
         1. Have had self-identifying anarchists involved in struggle for animal liberation since it began
      2. Relationships to power
         1. Confrontational
         2. Seeking systemic change
         3. Observant of all power relations
      3. Relationship to others in the movement
         1. Some very positive e.g. well known/respected organisers that identify as anarchists
         2. Many contest we can't wait for 'revolution'
      4. Achievements/yields
         1. Anarchists involved in several successful campaigns
         2. Anarchists tend to move torwards ALF/grassroots tactics that have been very effective
      5. Repression
         1. Number of anarchists imprisoned who are engaged in animal liberation struggles
      6. Limiting factors
         1. Animal liberation still a 'sub issue' to many anarchists
            1. Not respected/taken seriously
            2. Some anarchists organising for freedom of some but not all
      7. Oppressive dynamics
         1. Anarchists still un/learning all forms of oppression, much more aware than most in the movement
4. Animal Welfarists
   1. Worldviews
      1. Humans have right/entitlement to use animals
      2. Animals should be treated better
         1. Freedom from hunger & thirst
         2. Freedom from discomfort
         3. Freedom from pain, injury or disease
         4. Freedom to express normal behaviour
         5. Freedom from fear & distress
   2. Aims (Functions)
      1. Regulate animal exploitation to reduce suffering
   3. Strategies (Systems)
      1. Lobbying power holders
      2. Influencing animal farmers through consumer pressure
   4. Elements
      1. Organisational style
         1. Top down
         2. Formal organisations
      2. Values
         1. Not wrong to farm/use animals, just how they are treated
      3. Tactics
         1. Lobbying
         2. Influencing consumers
         3. Influencing farmers
      4. Key People/Publications
         1. The Five Freedoms
      5. Key organisations
         1. Compassion in World Farming
         2. RSPCA
         3. Farm Animal Welfare Council
      6. Premises
         1. Animals should be treated better
         2. Humans have right/entitlement to use animals
   5. Context in Field
      1. History/foundations
         1. Deep historical roots e.g. past civilisations
      2. Relationships to power
         1. Desire to reform state laws
         2. Befriending decision makers/power holders
         3. Legitimisation of state & corporate food system
      3. Relationship to others in the movement
         1. May create resources that others utilise in campaigns e.g. reports, investigations
         2. Often willing to cooperative with law enforcement
         3. Can often denounce other tactics
      4. Achievements/yields
         1. Animal welfare gains in some areas
      5. Repression
         1. Limited
      6. Limiting factors
         1. Do not have as many resources as animal agriculture lobbyists
         2. Poor critique of power relationships & root causes of issues
      7. Oppressive dynamics
         1. Willing to continue to support the state to oppress others, while reinforcing privilege for a few
         2. Tactics reinforce speciesism
5. Grassroots Animal Rights
   1. Worldviews
      1. Animals are not ours to eat/use/wear/experiment on
   2. Aims (Functions)
      1. Most AR goals aren't necessarily about gaining rights from the state. More about achieving animal liberation.
   3. Strategies (Systems)
      1. Direct economic sabotage & pressure until animal abusing industries close/collapse/change
         1. Often targeting industries/companies one by one
      2. Campaigns
      3. Influencing the general public
   4. Elements
      1. Organisational style
         1. Small local groups
         2. Grassroots national campaigns
         3. Varying national & international networking & coordination
      2. Values
         1. Animals are not ours to eat/use/wear/experiment on
         2. Often anti-police
         3. Mixture of violent/non-violent ideologies
      3. Tactics
         1. Street Stalls/Tabling
         2. Demonstrations
            1. Pickets
            2. Mobile
            3. Home
            4. National
            5. National marches
         3. Public events
            1. Film nights
            2. Info nights
         4. Hunt sabotage
         5. Undercover investigations
         6. Open liberations
         7. Public outreach through street stalls, events, leafleting
         8. Public Demonstrations to achieve the above & increase awareness of issues
         9. Boycotts
         10. Sanctuary support
      4. Key People/Publications
         1. Tom Reagan
         2. Peter Singer, Author of Animal Liberation
      5. Key organisations
         1. Animal Rights Coalition
         2. Stop Huntingdon Animal Cruelty
         3. Save the Newchurch Guinea Pig Campaign
         4. Hunt Saboteurs Association
         5. PETA (contested as being grassroots)
         6. Viva! (contested as being grassroots)
         7. Animal Equality
      6. Premises
         1. 'No Justice, Just Us'
   5. Context in Field
      1. History/foundations
         1. Roots in long term organising e.g. turn of the century AR campaigners
         2. Strong in 70s/80s/90s/2000s
      2. Relationships to power
         1. Confrontational
         2. Often lacking substantial critque of power relations e.g. role of the state
      3. Relationship to others in the movement
         1. Welfarists perceive group as being 'too radical'
         2. Alleged lack of public support blamed on grassroots movement due to tactical choices
         3. Aboveground work complimented by underground work of ALF/other autonomous groups
      4. Achievements/yields
         1. Closure of several breeders of animals for vivisection
         2. End of fur farming in UK
         3. Prevention of animal laboratories being built
         4. Thousands of people mobilised/radicalised
         5. Worldwide impact on Huntingdon Life Sciences
         6. Impacts on live exports
         7. Reduction in animal circuses/animal entertainment
         8. Gateway to Hell campaign impacting movement of animals for research
      5. Repression
         1. Significant repression of anti-vivisection campaigning
            1. Political prison sentencing
            2. Conspiracy trials
            3. Criminalisation
            4. Media backlash
            5. Police intimidation
      6. Limiting factors
         1. Single issue
            1. Single-issue rarely addresses the root problem of nonhuman animal use
         2. Organiser energy often dependent on ability to be unemployed/full time AR
         3. Lack of resilience to repression
            1. Poor defendant support (historically)
      7. Oppressive dynamics
         1. Much interaction requires able-bodied ness
         2. Vulnerability to infilitration from fascists & racists
         3. Widespread patriarchical dynamics
6. Vegan Outreach
   1. Worldviews
      1. Veganism is 'moral baseline'
      2. Need to 'turn the world vegan' then animal farming will stop
   2. Aims (Functions)
      1. To convert the world to veganism
   3. Strategies (Systems)
      1. Conversion strategy
      2. Advancing vegan economy
   4. Elements
      1. Organisational style
         1. Decentralised local groups/individuals
      2. Values
         1. Nonviolence
         2. Often spiritual influences
         3. Often hyper-rational/moralist influences
      3. Tactics
         1. Vegan Fayres
         2. Tabling/stalls/free food samples
         3. Websites/literature
         4. Grassroots investigations (occasional)
      4. Key People
         1. Ronnie Lee, Encouraging Vegan Education
         2. Various bloggers
      5. Key organisations
         1. Viva!
         2. The Vegetarian Society
         3. The Vegan Society
      6. Premises
         1. More people that are vegan, less animals suffering/killed
   5. Context in Field
      1. History/foundations
         1. Earliest recorded history back in 1800s
         2. Vegan society founded in 1944, Donald Watson
      2. Relationships to power
         1. Focuses on consumer/individual lifestyle change
      3. Relationship to others in the movement
         1. Veganism well-respected/advocated by others
         2. Some vegan organisations have reputation of being reformist/liberal/problematic
         3. Anarchists contest vegan capitalism trends
      4. Achievements/yields
         1. Thousands of people now vegan
         2. Huge growth in public interest in veganism
      5. Repression
         1. Media backlash e.g. stereotyping vegans
      6. Limiting factors
         1. Lack of evidence that veganism actually saves animals, or influences animal agriculture at all
         2. Lack of attention to root causes/systemic violence of state & capitalism
      7. Oppressive dynamics
         1. Often very white/western orientated/privileged
         2. 'Fetishising the exotic' - problematic
         3. Colonialist attitudes are common