1. Greek philosophers
   1. Pythagoras classification of men
      1. seekers of honour
      2. seekers of knowledge
      3. seekers of gain
   2. Heraclitus
      1. better those who choose one thing above all others, immortal glory among mortals than the majority glutted like beasts
   3. Plato's tripartite nature of soul
      1. self asserting principle
         1. honour through action
      2. ?
      3. ?
   4. Aristotle conforms to tradition
      1. honour is the prize for noblest deeds
      2. greatest of external goods
      3. what is paid to gods
2. intelligence
   1. Odysseus
      1. schemer
      2. patriot
3. roots of the heroic, superhuman
   1. Greek view of the Mycenaean kings after the Dark Ages
   2. life ideal; manhood (what men should be and do)
      1. honour
      2. renown
      3. personal worth
      4. style and pride among men as notable
   3. knew through a long tradition of oral poetry
   4. conditions
      1. small, self-sufficient city-states
      2. nation of seafarers
         1. opportunities for enterprise (e.g. war)
4. action
   1. Hero (Great Man)
      1. pursuit of honour through action
         1. honour at the center of being
         2. enlarged sense of personality and well being
         3. enterprise
      2. fame
         1. applause of fellows
            1. surpass other men
         2. second existence
         3. reward of honour
      3. endowed with superior qualities
         1. body
         2. mind
         3. excellence (utmost)
            1. make the most out of his "gifts"
         4. arete
         5. dynamis
      4. self-assertive principle of the soul
         1. individualism
            1. in the true heroic age Achilles fights not for his city, nor for his fellow Achaeans, but for his own glory
            2. hero is an isolated, self-centered figure who lives and dies for a private satisfaction
      5. in the service of the state
         1. extension of manhood
            1. Hector
         2. war
            1. brutality
            2. insecurity, fear
         3. treachery
            1. injured pride
            2. Alcibiades
            3. The Athens I love is not the one which is wronging me now, but that one in which I used to have secure enjoyment of my rights as a citizen. The country that I am attacking does not seem to me mine any longer; it is rather that I am trying to recover a country that has ceased to be mine.
5. system of behavior
   1. morality
   2. honor
      1. positive
         1. vigorous action to many fields
      2. constant
         1. creation of opportunities
            1. reflects the origin; a society whose first interest is war
            2. applied to peace
            3. Pericles' making of money
            4. better their lot, make more of themselves and conditions e.g poverty
      3. human dignity
         1. arete of man
      4. only court of appeal is a man's feelings
   3. Topic
      1. bound by obligations
      2. forbidden actions; shame
6. conflict
   1. merits of the Mean
      1. middle state between obscurity and excessive power
      2. morality of common sense
      3. happiness
   2. excess
      1. incredible fortitude
         1. forbidding inhumanity
            1. death
            2. true test of his worth; sacrifice the life which has meant more to him than to most men, thrown away in a gesture of defiance
            3. climax and completion of life
            4. sacrifice
            5. Achilles doubts: But man's life will come not again, nor will it be captured/Once it has passed through his teeth, nor can any power restore it
            6. Hector's civic frame, a man owes a supreme sacrifice to his people
            7. a duty owed to fellow-men, unbreakable association, part of a greater unity more lasting than self
7. relations
   1. friend
      1. Topic
         1. share another's fortunes
         2. support with complete truth and faithfulness in loves and enmities, pleasuers and sorrows
         3. scrupulously candid
         4. fail in no call made upon him
      2. Aristotle's schematic analysis of friendship, Nicomachean Ethics
         1. mutual advantage
         2. friendship lies in loving rather than in being loved; for the friend's sake
      3. homosexuality
   2. family
      1. strong loyalties
      2. older unit than state, prestige
      3. pride for kith and kin because they belong to him; drive (biological)
      4. standard of ancestors, worthy of the stock they were bred
         1. duty of hatred, vengeance
   3. women
      1. not allowed any power
         1. exception Artemisia of Halicarnassus
      2. put aside, background, no cult of women, no public demonstration of affection
      3. gave to friendship the attachment and loyalty which elsewhere accompany the love of women