1. the status documentation in the U.S. in 1950s
   1. collections
      1. archives
         1. federal, state, local
      2. guides
         1. the catalogs or calendars of individual collections
         2. subject bibliographies
         3. union catalogs and bibliographic centers
         4. abstracting and indexing services
   2. the personnel
      1. archivists
      2. librarians
      3. specialists
   3. agescies
      1. national, state, university, municipal public, and special libraries
   4. abstracting and indexing services
      1. Chemical Abstracts, the nucleus of the bibliographic apparatus of most general libraries, the Public Affaire Information Service, the Bibliography of Architecture
   5. training
      1. for librarianship
         1. Bachelor of Library Science
         2. the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
         3. the expansion of basic training to a three-year period
         4. the encouragement of a critical approach to present library library objectives and practices
      2. for archivists
         1. a two-semester graduate seminar on the history and administration of archives
         2. advanced study in the social sciences
         3. opportunities for practical experience in archival administration through interneship
      3. for subject
         1. carried by the staffs of the indexing and abstracting services and by special librarians
         2. the bibliographic aspects are too often ignored
   6. "a new cultural technique" as well as "a necessity of our time"
2. the use of documents
   1. Documents are pervasive in society and shape our lives.
   2. The use of information and information behavior are understood as referring to the individual who would be like to informed.
   3. The most common form of information-related behavior is simply noticing things, a minimally active role.
   4. The use of documents may include fact-finding, information-seeking, or problem-solving.
3. ASIS and its environment
   1. the growth of information technology
   2. complicated relationships within the social structures of professional practice and education
   3. deeply rooted changes in the information services sector
   4. the strong influence of technological modernism
   5. the move to digital technology
4. information
   1. information as knowledge
      1. for knowledge imparted, what was learned as a result of being informed
   2. information as process
      1. for being informed, for learning
   3. information as thing
      1. for bits, bytes, books, sounds, images, and anything physical perceived as signifying
5. tradition of two approaches
   1. approaches based on a concern with documents with signifying records: archives, bibliography, documentation, librarianship, records management
      1. the document
         1. Document management
            1. collecting documents
            2. preserving documents
            3. organizing documents
            4. representing documents
            5. selecting documents
            6. reproducing documents
            7. interpreting documents
            8. translating documents
            9. summarizing documents
            10. disseminating documents
         2. documentation =information science or information management
            1. knowledge
            2. meaning
            3. learning
            4. description
            5. language
            6. ambiguity
   2. approaches based on finding uses for for formal techniques, whether mechanical or mathematical
      1. arises out of the success of algorithmic, logical, mechanical, and mathematical tools
      2. punch cards, edge-notched cards, optical coincidence, and pattern recognition techniques, data processing, and digital computers
      3. Management Information Systems, DBMS, Artificial Intelligence, digital library
6. Information explosion in the late 19th century