the microscope

Dutch lens Makers Hans and Zacharias Hannsen
1. contributions to the microscope
  1. They put several lenses in a tube and made a very important discovery - the object near the end of the tube appeared to be greatly enlarged
  2. Jansen's microscope consisted of three draw tubes with lenses inserted into the ends of the flanking tubes
  3. The eyepiece lens was bi-convex
  4. objective lens was plano-convex
2. Zacharias Jansen (often written as Zacharias Janssen, or Sacharias Jansen) is generally believed to be the first creator of a compound microscope
3. the accomplishment is dated around the 1590's
4. many scholars believe that his father, Hans, must have played an important role in the creation of the instrument
5. spectacle makers in Middleburg, the Netherlands
German astronomer Johannes Kepler
1. contributions to the microscope
  1. an influential treatise on the theory of optics (1604)
  2. a treatise on optics as applied to telescope lenses (1611)
  3. a work offering physical explanations of the appearance of a nova in 1604
  4. an enthusiastic acceptance of and elaboration on Galileo's observations with a telescope (1610)
2. first strong supporter of the heliocentric theory of Copernicus
3. discoverer of the three laws of planetary motion
4. published Mysterium cosmographicum
British scientist Robert Hooke
1. contributions to the microscope
  1. used the microscope to discover cells and published Micrographia showing how the microscope can be used to advance science
2. was an architect, natural philosopher and brilliant scientist, best known for his law of elasticity
3. In 1662 Hooke became Curator of Experiments of the Royal Society
4. published the book Micrographia
  1. , an accurate and detailed record of his observations through his microscope
Dutch Lens grinder Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
1. contributions to the microscope
  1. create a very small, high-quality glass sphere
  2. smallest spheres providing the highest magnifications
  3. instruments consisted of simple powerful magnifying glasses, rather than the compound microscopes
2. known for his work on the development and improvement of the microscope
  1. also for his subsequent contribution towards the study of microbiology.
3. was the first person to observe and describe single celled organisms
4. the first to record and observe muscle fibres, bacteria, spermatozoa and blood flow in capillaries
5. succeeded in making some of the most important discoveries in the history of biology
6. considered as "the Father of Microbiology".
Dr. Charles Richard Drew
1. social contributions
  1. saved many people from dying of blood loss
2. why he is important to the healthcare field
  1. advance doctors in the practice and research of Hematology, Blood Transfusions, and Plasma Physics
3. Explanation of work
  1. developed ways to process and store blood plasma in "blood banks."
  2. directed the blood plasma programs of the United States and Great Britain in World War II
  3. discovered that the plasma could be dried and then reconstituted when needed
4. how he discovered his findings
  1. By separating the liquid red blood cells from the near solid plasma and freezing the two separately
5. how we use his methods now
  1. we are able to sort and store more blood
the discovery
1. About 1590
  1. Zaccharias Janssen and his son Hans
    1. experimenting with several lenses in a tube
2. In 1609
  1. Galileo
    1. made a much better instrument with a focusing device
3. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
  1. taught himself new methods for grinding and polishing tiny lenses of great curvature which gave magnifications up to 270 diameters, the finest known at that time
4. Robert Hooke
  1. made a copy of Leeuwenhoek's light microscope and then improved upon his design
5. Charles A. Spencer
  1. give magnifications up to 1250 diameters with ordinary light and up to 5000 with blue light.
why scientist can’t agree on the first discovery
1. a friend of Galileo's, Johannes Faber, that gave the name, microscope, to Galileo's instrument
2. Salvino D'Armate is most often credited with the first wearable eyeglasses.
3. reading stones (meniscal [rounded], polished glass lenses) were the first microscopes
  1. Egypt, ca 7,000+ BC (inventor not known)
4. Hans Lippershey, Sacharias Jansen, and Hans Jenssen, all eyeglass makers, have each been given credit for the invention
  1. working independently but at the same time, they developed almost identical concepts
5. If the definition of microscope requires the use of an instrument, in or upon which, to mount the lenses, then eyeglasses fit this definition too. If multiple lenses are the criteria, then the compound microscope
who developed the first microscope
1. Hans and Zacharias Hannsen
  1. They put several lenses in a tube and made a very important discovery - the object near the end of the tube appeared to be greatly enlarged
references
1. http://www.history-of-the-microscope.org/
2. http://inventors.about.com/od/mstartinventions/a/microscope.htm
3. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Who_invented_the_microscope
4. http://www.biography.com/people/charles-drew-9279094?page=2
5. http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_is_Charles_drew_important
6. http://www.phy.pmf.unizg.hr/~dpaar/fizicari/xkepler.html