1. Secondary Materials (made by historian)
   1. Diagrams
   2. Research Maps
   3. Sketches/Other Visual Devices
   4. Texts
2. Primary Materials
   1. Textual materials (Archives)
      1. Shanghai Municipal Archives (SMA)
      2. Hoover Archives (Stanford, CA, USA)
         1. Julean Arnold Papers
         2. Norwood Allman Papers
      3. Carl Crow Papers (Columbia, MO)
      4. NARA (Washington, DC)
   2. Press advertisements
      1. North China Daily News (Hoover Library, Stanford)
      2. Shenbao (IAO, East Asia Library, Stanford)
   3. Street Photographs
      1. IAO Scholar (OMEKA) Database
      2. Virtual Shanghai
      3. Pinterest
      4. Flickr
   4. Original Maps/Plans/Sketches (SMA)