1. Authorities
   1. Moore v Regents of university of California (1990)
      1. Leukaemia patient claimed rights in cell line
   2. Victoria Park Racing v Taylor (1937)
      1. Broadcasting commentary from view of racetrack
   3. Law of Property Act 1925 (LPA 1925) s205 (1) (ix)
   4. Kelsen v Imperial Tobacco [1957]
      1. Advert overhanging shop front
   5. Lord Bernstein of Leigh v Skyviews [1978]
      1. Plane taking aerial photos
   6. Berkley v Poulett [1977]
      1. Paintings in panelling, statue on plinth, & sundial
   7. Elitestone v Morris {1997]
      1. Bungalow resting on concrete footings
   8. TSB v Botham [1996]
      1. White goods in flat
2. Property
   1. Property is NOT the owned object
   2. Concepts of Property (Gray & Gray, 1998)
      1. Property as rights
         1. 'A bundle of rights'
            1. To possess
            2. To use
            3. To dispose of
            4. To exclude others
      2. Property as fact - possession
      3. Property as responsibility
   3. Reasons for property rights (Clarke & Kohler, 2005)
      1. Allocate scarce resources
         1. No property in air or sea water!
      2. Encourage productive use
      3. To make a political/moral statement
   4. What cannot be property?
      1. Right to cell line
         1. Moore
      2. A 'spectacle'
         1. Victoria Park Racing
3. Real & Personal
   1. 'Real' from Latin 'res' : A thing
   2. Real Property
      1. Right 'in rem' - to found a real action for real remedy
         1. i.e. to recover the actual thing e.g. plot of land
      2. Examples: freehold in land, heirloom, advowson
   3. Personal Property
      1. Right 'in personam' - to found a personal action for personal remedy
         1. i.e. to recover damages (money)
      2. Examples: leasehold in land, chattels (moveable property)
4. Land
   1. LPA 1925
      1. Hereditaments
         1. Corporeal - land, buildings, minerals
         2. Incorporeal - manorial, easements
   2. Airspace
      1. Overhangs from adjacent land
         1. Kelsen
      2. Airspace needed for ordinary use
         1. Bernstein
5. Fixtures
   1. Test for fixtures
      1. Berkley v Poulett [1977] Scarman LJ
      2. Annexation
         1. Method & degree
            1. Cannot be removed without damage - creates presumption of fixture
         2. Object & purpose
            1. To improve property (fixture) or enjoy item (chattel)
   2. Fixed by gravity?
      1. 'Third category' for immovable buildings
         1. 'Part of the land itself' (per Lloyd LJ)
         2. Elitestone
      2. Movable buildings - chattels
   3. Domestic goods
      1. Berkley 2 part test
         1. Fitted for use of house e.g. fitted hob = fixture
         2. Placed in house to use or enjoy e.g. freestanding oven = chattel
      2. TSB v Botham
   4. Tenants fixtures
      1. Fixtures treated as part of tenant's chattels
         1. For work