1. System
   1. eyeballs
   2. occiptal lobes
      1. cerebral hemisphere
   3. retina
   4. visual pathways
      1. long
         1. suspectible to
            1. head injuries
            2. vascular lesions
            3. demyelinating diseases
            4. MS
            5. tumours
   5. cortical areas
      1. higher function
         1. e.g. shape recognition
2. Central Visual Pathway
   1. conscious sight
      1. main pathway
   2. 3 neurons
      1. in synaptic contact
   3. light enters cornea
      1. through pupil
      2. aqueous humor
      3. lens
      4. blood vessels
   4. nerves
      1. retina
         1. only 10%
         2. discharge of
            1. photoreceptors
            2. retinal neurons
            3. optic nerve
      2. optic nerve
         1. optic canal
         2. middle cranial fossa
      3. optic chiasma
         1. nasal halves
            1. cross to contralateral...
      4. optic tract
         1. sweep around cerebral peduncles
         2. 90% synapse at
            1. Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
            2. of the Thalamus
            3. 6 cellular laminae
            4. 3
            5. crossed
            6. uncrossed
            7. 2
            8. deepest laminae
            9. crossed
            10. uncrossed
            11. are Magnocellular
            12. receive axons from
            13. retinal 'M' ganglion cells
            14. detection of
            15. movement
            16. 4
            17. parvocellular
            18. receive axons of
            19. P cells
            20. partiuculars
            21. visual detail
            22. colour
         3. 10% synapse at
            1. superior brachium
            2. superior colliculus (of midbrain)
            3. 4 functional types
            4. mediate pupillary light reflex
            5. pretectal nucules
            6. superior colliculus
            7. receive magnocullar cells
            8. automatic scanning movements
            9. to pulvinar of Thalamus
            10. extrageniculat visual pathway
            11. reticular formation of brainstem
            12. wake up cortex
            13. dsync of EEG; alpha to beta
            14. when visual information incoming
      5. optic radiation 3rd order neurons
         1. from LGN
            1. pass to Visual Cortex
      6. Visual Cortex
         1. medial surface of occiptal lobe
         2. 5mm above and below calcarine sulcus
         3. 10mm area on lateral surface of lobe
         4. extend as far as lunate sulcus
3. Pupillary Light Reflex
4. Reading Alound Pathway
5. Accommodation/Convergence Reflex