1. Definition
   1. Two or more members bound together to pursue some common purpose
   2. Mutual rights and duties arising from contract between them
   3. Rules that lay down terms of members' contract
   4. Members can join or leave at will
2. Features
   1. Not a legal entity
   2. Cannot hold property
   3. Trustees hold property on trust for members
3. Rules
   1. must still satisfy beneficiary principle
   2. must still satisfy rule against inalienability
4. Gifts with a purpose attached
   1. Inward looking purpose
      1. Re Lipinski's Will Trusts [1976] Ch 235
         1. To construct and/or improve new buildings for the association
      2. Benefits members only
      3. Does not offend rule against inalienability
      4. Valid under Neville 2 or 3
         1. 2
            1. Could demand capital under Saunders v Vautier
         2. 3
            1. Valid as a Denley trust
   2. Outward looking purpose
      1. Does not benefit members
      2. Saunders v Vautier does not apply
      3. Void as a purpose trust
5. Outright gifts with no purpose attached
   1. Neville 2 will apply
      1. an accretion to the club's funds, subject to club rules
         1. Re Recher's Will Trusts [1972] Ch 526
      2. must have a rule permitting winding up of club and distribution of assets
      3. must have a rule permitting club funds to be spent in any way they wish
         1. Re Grant's Will Trusts [1979] 3 All ER 359
         2. or offends rule against inalienability
6. Trust for the purposes of the association
7. Gift to existing members subject to their contractual rights and liabilities
8. Gift to members at the time of the gift, as joint tenants or tenants in common
9. Neville Estates v Madden [1962] 1 Ch 832