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1.基础训练
- 如何组织句子
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2.词性,了解单词的性质
- 名词
- 代词
- 冠词
- 形容词
- 副词
- 比较级
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3.句子是如何构成的
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按照意义划分句子种类
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陈诉句
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主语+动词+...
- He is a student; They play basketball
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疑问句
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有疑问词的疑问句
- who,what,where,when, why + how
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助动词疑问句(have,do)
- Do you like it?
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Be动词疑问句
- Are you ok?
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选择性疑问句
- Is he Korean or Chinese?
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附加疑问句(反意疑问句)
- She loves you, doesn't she?
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祈使句
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肯定祈使句
- 祈使句以动词开头省略主语,因为主语是you
- Go home!
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否定祈使句
- Don't take that bus!
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间接祈使句
- Let us play basketball!
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感叹句
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强调名词
- What a beautiful day!
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强调形容词
- How beautiful you are!
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句子的5中形式
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句子的成分
- 主语(Subject)
- 谓语(Verb, Predicate)
- 宾语(Object)
- 补语(Complement)
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动词的性质
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完全与不完全
- 是否需要补语
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及物与不及物
- 是否需要宾语
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五种句型
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S+V
- Birds fly
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S+V+C
- I am a programmer
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S+V+O
- He teaches English
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S+V+I.O+D.O
- I give her a ring
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S+V+O+C
- We call him Denny
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4.征服动词的世界
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动词的时态
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现在时
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表示将来
- My plane leaves in an hour (表示来去或预定的动作)
- I will talk to him when I meet him (时间状语重句)
- If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home (条件状语重句)
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表示目前的事实与习惯,不变的真理
- She has a talent for music
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过去时
- 过去分词的变形与发音
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表示过去的事情
- She watched TV yesterday night
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将来时
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表示将要发生的事情
- I will go to US next month
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完成时
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现在完成时
- I have just finished my homework (到现在为止)
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过去完成时
- I had just finished it when she came to my office (到过去为止)
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将来完成时
- I will have read through the book by tomorrow (到将来为止)
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进行时
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现在进行时
- I am reading the book
- 表示将来
- She is coming tomorrow
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过去进行时
- Denny was writing a letter at that time
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将来进行时
- I will be attending a meeting tomorrow afternoon
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完成进行时
- 概念:表示动作的持续
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现在完成进行时
- I have been internet surfing all day long
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过去完成进行时
- It had been raining all night
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将来完成进行时
- It will have been raining for a week by tomorrow
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助动词
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规则助动词(情态动词)
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will(将来时助动词)
- I will go to US next year!
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can/may(请求、允许)
- You may sit down
- You can't go there
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should/would/must(过去时助动词)
- Drivers should obey the speed limit (义务)
- I would like to go now (希望)
- Imust finish my homework (必须)
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表示推测的助动词
- He must be sick
- He could be sick
- He may be sick
- Do助动词
- Be助动词
- Have助动词(完成时)
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被动语态
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主动转被动
- 主语+及物动词+宾语--->主语 + be 过去分词 + by 宾格
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特殊疑问句
- Who invented the machine? - By whom was the machine invented?
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祈使句
- Do it as soon as possible - Let it be done as soon as possible
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非谓语动词
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不定式
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用法
- 名词
- To know oneself is difficult
- 名词短语
- What to do/How to do/where to go
- 形容词
- I have no friend to advise me
- 副词
- He came to see me
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原型不定式
- 感官动词
- see/hear/watch
- I have heard him sing
- 使役动词
- make/have/let
- What makes you think so
- 习惯用法
- had better + 原型不定式
- had best + 原型不定式
- do nothing but + 原型不定式
- She did nothing but cry
- can't but + 原型不定式
- I can't but laugh
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逻辑主语
- I hope you to succeed
- you是逻辑主语
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动名词
- 动词+动名词, 如mind, enjoy...
- 动词+不定式,如wish, hope...
- 动词+不定式/动名词,如remember, stop, try...
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分词
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现在分词
- 动名词与现在分词的区别
- be+Ving=现在分词
- 介词+Ving=动名词
- 分词结构
- Looking up, I saw her go out
- 独立分词结构
- 保留分词结构的主语
- The sun having set, we gave up looking for them
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过去分词
- The park is coverred with snow
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5.大串联
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介词与连词
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介词
- 为什么叫介词:放在前面的词=preposition
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介词的角色
- 形容词
- The girl on the stage is my daughter
- 副词
- I met her at the station
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介词的种类
- 简单介词
- after
- 双重介词
- from under
- 短语介词
- in spite of
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连词
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并列连词
- and
- or
- but
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从属连词
- 引导名词性从句
- He said that he is busy
- that, if, whether
- 引导副词性从句(状语从句)
- My father left home while I was sleeping
- when, while, since, because, though, before, after
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关系词
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关系代词
- 连词+代词
- Who, which, that, what
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准关系代词
- as, but, than
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关系副词
- 连词+副词
- where, when, why, how
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间接问句
- Tell me what he likes
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从句
- 从句由连词和关系词连接
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从句分类
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名词性从句
- 主语从句
- 宾语从句
- 表语从句
- 同位语从句
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形容词性从句
- 定语从句
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副词性从句
- 状语从句
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6.英语的特殊语法
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一致性
- 主语与动词数的一致性
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主句与从句时态的一致性
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主句时态为过去时,从句必须为过去时或者过去完成时
- My daughter said she had finished her homework yesterday
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不变的真理、习惯、事实用现在时
- Sun raise from east everyday
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历史事实用过去时态
- Addison invented lights in the 1900s
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引用法
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直接应用
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逗号,双引号
- She said,"I will come tomorrow"
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间接引用
- She said she would come tomorrow
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虚拟语气
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现在时
- 对现在或将来的假设
- If it is warm this afternoon, I will go there
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将来时
- 对现在或将来的强烈怀疑,或不可实现的假设
- If the sun were to rise in the west, I would never break my word
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过去时
- 表达与事实相反的假设
- If I were you, I would accept their invitation
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过去完成时
- 表达与过去事实相反的假设
- If I had studied hard, I would not have failed the exam
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习惯用法
- I wish I were rich
- He speaks as if he were the boss