FAQ - Frequently asked questions about Xmind. - Xmind

Equation Support

Subscripts, Superscripts, Integrals

LaTeX	Symbol	Feature
a^2	$a^{2}$	Superscript
a_2	$a_{2}$	Subscript
a^{2+2}	$a^{2 + 2}$	Grouping
x_2^3	$x_{2}^{3}$	Combining sub & super
{}_1^2\!X_3^4	$_{1}^{2} X_{3}^{4}$	Preceding sub & super
\bigcap_1^{n} p	$⋂_{1}^{n} p$	Intersections
\bigcup_1^{k} p	$⋃_{1}^{k} p$	Unions
x'	$x^{'}$	Derivatives
\dot{x}	$\dot{x}$	Derivative dots
\ddot{y}	$\ddot{y}$
\vec{c}	$\vec{c}$	Vectors
\overleftarrow{a b}	$\overset{\leftarrow}{a b}$
\overrightarrow{c d}	$\vec{c d}$
\widehat{e f g}	$\hat{e f g}$
\overset{\frown} {AB}	$\overset{⌢}{A B}$	Arc
\overline{h i j}	$\bar{h i j}$	Overline
\underline{k l m}	$\underline{k l m}$	Underline
\overbrace{1+2+\cdots+100}	$\overset{⏞}{1 + 2 + \dots + 100}$	Overbrace
\underbrace{a+b+\cdots+z}	$\underset{⏟}{a + b + \dots + z}$	Underbrace
\sum_{k=1}^N k^2	$\sum_{k = 1}^{N} k^{2}$	Sum
\prod_{i=1}^N x_i	$\prod_{i = 1}^{N} x_{i}$	Product
\coprod_{i=1}^N x_i	$∐_{i = 1}^{N} x_{i}$	Coproduct
\lim_{n \to \infty}x_n	$lim_{n \to \infty} x_{n}$	Limit
\int_{-N}^{N} e^x\, dx	$\int_{- N}^{N} e^{x} d x$	Integral
\iint_{D}^{W} \, dx\,dy	$\iint_{D}^{W} d x d y$	Double integral
\iiint_{E}^{V} \, dx\,dy\,dz	$∭_{E}^{V} d x d y d z$	Triple integral
\oint_{C} x^3\, dx + 4y^2\, dy	$\oint_{C} x^{3} d x + 4 y^{2} d y$	Quadruple integral

Root

LaTeX	Symbol	Feature
\sqrt{3}	$\sqrt{3}$	Square root
\sqrt[n]{3}	$\sqrt[n]{3}$	nth roots

Operators

LaTeX	Symbol	Feature
\pm	$\pm$	Plus-minus
\times	$\times$	Times
\div	$\div$	Division
\neq	$\neq$	Not equal
\approx	$\approx$	Approximate
\equiv	$\equiv$	Equivalent
\not\equiv	$≢$	Not equivalent
\geq	$\geq$	Geqslant
\gg	$≫$
\leq	$\leq$	Leqslant
\ll	$≪$
\sim	$\sim$	Similar
\simeq	$≃$
\cong	$≅$
\propto	$\propto$	Propto
\perp	$⊥$	Perpendicularity
\mbox{or}	$or$

Geometric

LaTeX	Symbol	Feature
\Box	$◻$	Box
\Diamond	$◊$	Diamond
\triangle	$△$	Triangle
\angle	$∠$	Angle
\perp	$⊥$	Perpendicularity
\mid	$∣$
\nmid	$∤$
\\|	$∥$
45^\circ	$45^{\circ}$	Angle

Functions

LaTeX	Symbol	LaTeX	Symbol
\sin\theta	$\sin θ$	\min L	$min L$
\cos\theta	$\cos θ$	\inf s	$inf s$
\tan\theta	$\tan θ$	\sup t	$sup t$
\cot	$\cot$	\exp\!t	$\exp t$
\sec	$\sec$	\ln X	$\ln X$
\csc	$\csc$	\lg X	$\lg X$
\arcsin\frac{L}{r}	$\arcsin \frac{L}{r}$	\log X	$\log X$
\arccos\frac{T}{r}	$\arccos \frac{T}{r}$	f \ker g	$f \ker g$
\arctan\frac{L}{T}	$\arctan \frac{L}{T}$	\log_{10}	$\log_{10}$
\sinh g	$\sinh g$	\log_\alpha X	$\log_{α} X$
\cosh h	$\cosh h$	\deg x	$\deg x$
\tanh i	$\tanh i$	\arg x	$\arg x$
\operatorname{sh}j	$sh j$	\dim x	$\dim x$
\max H	$max H$	\lim_{t\to n}T	$lim_{t \to n} T$

Sets

LaTeX	Symbol	LaTeX	Symbol
\forall	$\forall$	\exists	$\exists$
\in	$\in$	\ni	$∋$
\subset	$\subset$	\subseteq	$\subseteq$
\supset	$\supset$	\supseteq	$\supseteq$
\sqsupset	$⊐$	\sqsupseteq	$⊒$
\cup	$\cup$	\bigcup	$⋃$
\sqcup	$⊔$	\bigsqcup	$⨆$
\cap	$\cap$	\bigcap	$⋂$
\sqsubset	$⊏$	\sqsubseteq	$⊑$
\varnothing	$\emptyset$	\biguplus	$⨄$
\emptyset	$\emptyset$	\sqcap	$⊓$
\notin	$\notin$	\setminus	$∖$

Logic and Arrows

LaTeX	Symbol	LaTeX	Symbol
\And	$&$	\land	$\land$
\bar{q}	$\bar{q}$	\lor	$\lor$
\lnot	$\neg$	\neg q	$\neg q$
\wedge	$\land$	\bigwedge	$⋀$
\vee	$\lor$	\bigvee	$⋁$
\setminus	$∖$	\smallsetminus	$∖$
\leftarrow	$\leftarrow$	\gets	$\leftarrow$
\to	$\to$	\rightarrow	$\to$
\leftrightarrow	$\leftrightarrow$	\longleftarrow	$⟵$
\longrightarrow	$⟶$	\mapsto	$\mapsto$
\longmapsto	$⟼$	\hookrightarrow	$↪$
\hookleftarrow	$↩$	\nearrow	$↗$
\searrow	$↘$	\swarrow	$↙$
\nwarrow	$↖$	\uparrow	$↑$
\downarrow	$↓$	\updownarrow	$↕$
\Leftarrow	$\Leftarrow$	\Rightarrow	$\Rightarrow$
\Leftrightarrow	$\Leftrightarrow$	\Longleftarrow	$⟸$
\Longrightarrow	$⟹$	\Longleftrightarrow	$⟺$

Brackets

LaTeX	Symbol	Feature
\left ( \frac{a}{b} \right )	$(\frac{a}{b})$	Parenthesis
\left[ \frac{a}{b} \right]	$[\frac{a}{b}]$	Bracket
\left \langle \frac{a}{b} \right \rangle	$⟨ \frac{a}{b} ⟩$	Angle bracket
\left\{ \frac{a}{b} \right\}	${\frac{a}{b}}$	Brace
\overbrace{ 1+2+\cdots+100 }	$\overset{⏞}{1 + 2 + \dots + 100}$	Over brace
\underbrace{ a+b+\cdots+z }	$\underset{⏟}{a + b + \dots + z}$	Under brace

Fractions, Matrices, Multilines

LaTeX	Symbol	Feature
\frac{1}{2}=0.5	$\frac{1}{2} = 0.5$	Fractions
\tfrac{1}{2} = 0.5	$\frac{1}{2} = 0.5$	Small fractions
\dfrac{k}{k-1} = 0.5	$\frac{k}{k - 1} = 0.5$	Large fractions
\dfrac{ \tfrac{1}{2}[1-(\tfrac{1}{2})^n] }{ 1-\tfrac{1}{2} } = s_n	$\frac{\frac{1}{2} [1 - (\frac{1}{2})^{n}]}{1 - \frac{1}{2}} = s_{n}$	Large / Small (nested) fractions
\cfrac{2}{ c + \cfrac{2}{ d + \cfrac{1}{2} } } = a \qquad \dfrac{2}{ c + \dfrac{2}{ d + \dfrac{1}{2} } } = a	$\frac{2}{c + \frac{2}{d + \frac{1}{2}}} = a \frac{2}{c + \frac{2}{d + \frac{1}{2}}} = a$	Continued fraction
\binom{n}{k}	$(\binom{n}{k})$	Binomial coefficients
\tbinom{n}{k}	$(\binom{n}{k})$	Small binomial coefficients
\dbinom{n}{k}	$(\binom{n}{k})$	Large binomial coefficients
\begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{matrix}	$\begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{matrix}$	Matrices
\begin{vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{vmatrix}	$\| \begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{matrix} \|$
\begin{Vmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Vmatrix}	$∥ \begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{matrix} ∥$
\begin{bmatrix} 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ \vdots & \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & \cdots & 0 \end{bmatrix}	$[\begin{matrix} 0 & \dots & 0 \\ ⋮ & ⋱ & ⋮ \\ 0 & \dots & 0 \end{matrix}]$
\begin{Bmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{Bmatrix}	${\begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{matrix}}$
\begin{pmatrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{pmatrix}	$(\begin{matrix} x & y \\ z & v \end{matrix})$
\bigl( \begin{smallmatrix} a&b\\ c&d \end{smallmatrix} \bigr)	$(\begin{matrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{matrix})$
\begin{array}{\|c\|c\|\|c\|} a & b & S \\ \hline 0&0&1\\ 0&1&1\\ 1&0&1\\ 1&1&0 \end{array}	$\begin{array}{ccc} a & b & S \\ 0 & 0 & 1 \\ 0 & 1 & 1 \\ 1 & 0 & 1 \\ 1 & 1 & 0 \end{array}$	Arrays
f(n) = \begin{cases} n/2, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is even} \\ 3n+1, & \mbox{if }n\mbox{ is odd} \end{cases}	$f (n) = {\begin{cases} n / 2, & if n is even \\ 3 n + 1, & if n is odd \end{cases}$	Case distinctions
\begin{cases} 3x + 5y + z &= 1 \\ 7x - 2y + 4z &= 2 \\ -6x + 3y + 2z &= 3 \end{cases}	${\begin{cases} 3 x + 5 y + z & = 1 \\ 7 x - 2 y + 4 z & = 2 \\ - 6 x + 3 y + 2 z & = 3 \end{cases}$	Simultaneous equations
\begin{align} f(x) & = (a+b)^2 \\ & = a^2+2ab+b^2 \end{align}	$\begin{aligned} f (x) & = (a + b)^{2} \\ = a^{2} + 2 a b + b^{2} \end{aligned}$	Multiline equations
\begin{alignat}{2} f(x) & = (a-b)^2 \\ & = a^2-2ab+b^2 \end{alignat}	$\begin{aligned} f (x) & = (a - b)^{2} \\ = a^{2} - 2 a b + b^{2} \end{aligned}$
\begin{array}{lcl} z & = & a \\ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}	$\begin{array}{lcl} z & = & a \\ f (x, y, z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}$	Multiline equations（left alignment
\begin{array}{lcr} z & = & a \\ f(x,y,z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}	$\begin{array}{lcr} z & = & a \\ f (x, y, z) & = & x + y + z \end{array}$	Multiline equations（right alignment

Greek Alphabet

LaTeX	Symbol	LaTeX	Symbol
\Gamma	$Γ$	\Delta	$Δ$
\Theta	$Θ$	\Lambda	$Λ$
\Xi	$Ξ$	\Pi	$Π$
\Sigma	$Σ$	\Upsilon	$Υ$
\Phi	$Φ$	\Psi	$Ψ$
\Omega	$Ω$
\alpha	$α$	\beta	$β$
\gamma	$γ$	\delta	$δ$
\epsilon	$ϵ$	\zeta	$ζ$
\eta	$η$	\theta	$θ$
\iota	$ι$	\kappa	$κ$
\lambda	$λ$	\mu	$μ$
\nu	$ν$	\xi	$ξ$
\omicron	$ο$	\pi	$π$
\rho	$ρ$	\sigma	$σ$
\tau	$τ$
\upsilon	$υ$	\phi	$ϕ$
\chi	$χ$	\psi	$ψ$
\omega	$ω$
\varepsilon	$ε$	\digamma	$ϝ$
\vartheta	$ϑ$	\varkappa	$ϰ$
\varpi	$ϖ$	\varrho	$ϱ$
\varsigma	$ς$	\varphi	$φ$

Accents

LaTeX	Symbol	LaTeX	Symbol
\acute{a}	$\overset{´}{a}$	\grave{a}	$\overset{`}{a}$
\hat{a}	$\hat{a}$	\tilde{a}	$\tilde{a}$
\breve{a}	$\overset{˘}{a}$
\check{a}	$\overset{ˇ}{a}$	\bar{a}	$\bar{a}$
\ddot{a}	$\ddot{a}$	\dot{a}	$\dot{a}$

Special

LaTeX	Symbol	LaTeX	Symbol
\And	$&$	\eth	$ð$
\S	$§$
\%	$%$	\dagger	$†$
\ddagger	$‡$	\ldots	$\dots$
\cdots	$\dots$	\colon	$:$
\smile	$⌣$	\frown	$⌢$
\wr	$≀$	\triangleleft	$◃$
\triangleright	$▹$	\infty	$\infty$
\bot	$⊥$	\top	$⊤$
\vdash	$⊢$	\vDash	$⊨$
\Vdash	$⊩$	\models	$⊨$
\lVert	$‖$	\rVert	$‖$
\imath	$ı$	\hbar	$ℏ$
\ell	$ℓ$	\mho	$℧$
\Finv	$Ⅎ$	\Re	$ℜ$
\Im	$ℑ$	\wp	$℘$
\complement	$∁$
\diamondsuit	$♢$	\heartsuit	$♡$
\clubsuit	$♣$	\spadesuit	$♠$
\Game	$⅁$	\flat	$♭$
\natural	$♮$	\sharp	$♯$

Check more LaTeX commands.

Mathematical Equation Sample

1. Some mathematical symbols can be entered directly from the keyboard, such as +-= / () etc..But if a valid formula, you need to enter the corresponding math symbol command.

\forall x \in X, \quad \exists y \leq \epsilon

\forall x \in X, \exists y \leq ϵ

2. An operator is a function that is written as a word: e.g. trigonometric functions (sin, cos, tan), logarithms and exponentials (log, exp), limits (lim), as well as trace and determinant (tr, det). LaTeX has many of these defined as commands:

\cos (2\theta) = \cos^2 \theta - \sin^2 \theta	$\cos (2 θ) = \cos^{2} θ - \sin^{2} θ$
\lim\limits_{x \to \infty} \exp(-x) = 0	$lim_{x \to \infty} \exp (- x) = 0$

3. Powers and indices are equivalent to superscripts and subscripts in normal text mode. If an expression containing more than one character is raised or lowered, it should be grouped using braces.

k_{n+1} = n^2 + k_n^2 - k_{n-1}	$k_{n + 1} = n^{2} + k_{n}^{2} - k_{n - 1}$
f(n) = n^5 + 4n^2 + 2 \|_{n=17}	$f (n) = n^{5} + 4 n^{2} + 2 \|_{n = 17}$

4. A fraction is created using the \frac{numerator}{denominator} command. Likewise, the binomial coefficient may be written using the \binom command.

\frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!} = \binom{n}{k}

\frac{n!}{k! (n - k)!} = (\binom{n}{k})

5. Continued fractions should be written using \cfrac command.

\begin{equation} 
                                     x = a_0 + \cfrac{1}{a_1 
                                               + \cfrac{1}{a_2 
                                               + \cfrac{1}{a_3 + \cfrac{1}{a_4} } } }
                                     \end{equation}

x = a_{0} + \frac{1}{a_{1} + \frac{1}{a_{2} + \frac{1}{a_{3} + \frac{1}{a_{4}}}}}

6. The \sqrt command creates an nth root surrounding an expression, you can define the details in bracket [] and brace {}.

\sqrt[n]{1+x+x^2+x^3+\dots+x^n}

\sqrt[n]{1 + x + x^{2} + x^{3} + \dots + x^{n}}

7. Very often mathematical features will differ in size, in which case the delimiters surrounding the expression should vary accordingly. This can be done automatically using the \left, \right, and \middle commands. Any of the previous delimiters may be used in combination with these:

P\left(A=2\middle\|\frac{A^2}{B}>4\right)	$P (A = 2 \| \frac{A^{2}}{B} > 4)$
\left.\frac{x^3}{3}\right\|_0^1	${\frac{x^{3}}{3} \|}_{0}^{1}$

8. When writing down arbitrary sized matrices, it is common to use horizontal, vertical and diagonal triplets of dots (known as ellipses) to fill in certain columns and rows. These can be specified using the \cdots, \vdots and \ddots respectively.

A_{m,n} =  
                                     \begin{pmatrix} 
                                      a_{1,1} & a_{1,2} & \cdots & a_{1,n} \\ 
                                      a_{2,1} & a_{2,2} & \cdots & a_{2,n} \\ 
                                      \vdots  & \vdots  & \ddots & \vdots  \\ 
                                      a_{m,1} & a_{m,2} & \cdots & a_{m,n}  
                                     \end{pmatrix}

A_{m, n} = (\begin{matrix} a_{1, 1} & a_{1, 2} & \dots & a_{1, n} \\ a_{2, 1} & a_{2, 2} & \dots & a_{2, n} \\ ⋮ & ⋮ & ⋱ & ⋮ \\ a_{m, 1} & a_{m, 2} & \dots & a_{m, n} \end{matrix})

Check more LaTeX Math commands sample.

Chemical Equation Sample

1. You may need to use \ce {} to enclose chemical formulas and equations in curly brackets while writing. Such as a carbon dioxide formula.

\ce{CO2}

C O_{2}

2. A single subscript, charge, or oxidation can be written directly after the equation.

\ce{H+}	$H^{+}$
\ce{NH4+}	$N H_{4}^{+}$

3. Add a command of the mathematical equation for fractional subscripts and use \frac to express it.

\ce{Fe(CN)_{$\frac{6}{2}$}}

F e (C N)_{\frac{6}{2}}

4. Parentheses, brackets, and braces have their own expressive effect. Please note that you need to add an escape character (\) before the braces to display properly.

\ce{(NH4)2S}	$(N H_{4})_{2} S$
\ce{[AgCl2]-}	$[A g C l_{2}]^{-}$
\ce{[\{(X2)3\}2]^3+}	$[{(X_{2})_{3}}_{2}]^{3 +}$

5. Superscript & Subscript

\ce{^{227}_{90}Th+}	$_{}^{}_{90}^{227} T h^{+}$
\ce{H2+}	$H_{2}^{+}$

6. Chemical Bond

\ce{CH3-CHO}	$C H_{3} - C H O$
\ce{CH2=CH2}	$C H_{2} = C H_{2}$
\ce{CH#CH}	$C H \equiv C H$
A→B←C	$A \to B \leftarrow C$

7. In chemical reactions, you can enter forward and reverse arrows. Use the equal sign (=) to indicate no reaction conditions directly and \ xlongequal to reaction conditions.

\ce{2H2 + O2 ->[\Delta] H2O}	$2 H_{2} + O_{2} \overset{Δ}{\to} H_{2} O$
\ce{ CO2 + C ->T[above][below] 2CO }	$C O_{2} + C \to_{b e l o w}^{above} 2 C O$
\ce{2NaHCO3 \xlongequal{heating} Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2\uparrow}	$2 N a H C O_{3} \overset{h e a t i n g}{=} N a_{2} C O_{3} + H_{2} O + C O_{2} ↑$

8. Use \uparrow(^) and \downarrow(v) to express precipitation and gas in chemical reactions.

\ce{Ca(OH)2 + CO2 = CaCO3 v + H2O}	$C a (O H)_{2} + C O_{2} = C a C O_{3} ↓ + H_{2} O$
\ce{Fe + 2H+ = H2 ^ + Fe^2+}	$F e + 2 H^{+} = H_{2} ↑ + F e^{2 +}$

9. Use \qquad to separate the chemical formula from the energy change, as the thermochemical equation needs to show the energy change and fraction meter.

\ce{N2(g) + 3H2(g) -> 2NH3(g)} \qquad \Delta H_{\mathrm{f}}^\circ = {-92.5}{kJ}

N_{2} (g) + 3 H_{2} (g) ⟶ 2 N H_{3} (g) Δ H_{f}^{\circ} = - 92.5 k J

10. Multi-line reaction equations need an alignment environment.

\begin{align*} 
                                     & \ce{CO2 + 3H2 <=> CH3OH + H2O}\\ 
                                     & \ce{CO2 + H2 <=> CO + H2O}\\ 
                                     & \ce{CO + 2H2 <=> CH3OH}\\ 
                                     & \ce{CH3OH <=> CH3OCH3 + H2O} 
                                     \end{align*}

\begin{aligned} C O_{2} + 3 H_{2} \overset{- ⇀}{↽ -} C H_{3} O H + H_{2} O \\ C O_{2} + H_{2} \overset{- ⇀}{↽ -} C O + H_{2} O \\ C O + 2 H_{2} \overset{- ⇀}{↽ -} C H_{3} O H \\ C H_{3} O H \overset{- ⇀}{↽ -} C H_{3} O C H_{3} + H_{2} O \end{aligned}

P\left(A=2\middle\|\frac{A^2}{B}>4\right)	$P (A = 2 \| \frac{A^{2}}{B} > 4)$
\left.\frac{x^3}{3}\right\|_0^1	${\frac{x^{3}}{3} \|}_{0}^{1}$

What command does Xmind Equation Support?